国际恐怖主义的本地化

阿富汗战争后。国际恐怖主义组织在国际合力反恐的形势下,采取了“化整为零”的本地化策略。主要表现在：在意识形态上．国际恐怖主义组织和地方性恐怖主义组织以宗教极端主义为纽带．加速力量整合;在组织结构上．呈现网球化与分散化的形态;而在资金来源上。实行全球性配置与本地化募集的方式。     

IN THE EYE OF THE OCCUPIER

This paper investigates how a mainstream American newspaper (The New York Times) and an Indian counterpart (The Times of India) construct political violence within the American occupation of Iraq, and how they reconcile notions of democracy and occupation. For both newspapers, Saddam Hussein's execution is the reference point to guide news selection. Findings indicate some differences in the two papers’ coverage, partly explained by the countries’ military involvement in the conflict and their history with Iraq.     

Syrian Sport on an International Stage: Evaluating the Sports Movement between 1970 and 2013

Although Syria did not compete in Olympic Games between 1948 and 1970, its participation in most sport mega-events has been varied in terms of the level of participation, results, different championships and sports mega-events types since 1970. The nature of Syria's involvement in sport on the international stage reflects the nature of the institutional-culture context after the ‘Corrective Movement’ led by the late President Hafez al-Assad. This article relies on the official archive of the General Sport Federation in Syria, official International Olympic Committee publications and other material to examine the history of Syria's competitions and its results in different sports events. It is argued that Syrian competition in most regional/international games has not only been because of the social/political support represented by the Baath party but also it has been a means of reflecting the civilised and secular face of Syria and Syrians after a long period of coups in the 1950s and 1960s. This paper concludes by contending that political stability between 1970 and 2011 helped the sports movement to flourish. Even political conflicts after 2011 did not influence the desire for competition, but it was noted that the lack of security, and the increasing terrorism and political/economic sanctions, were the major barriers to Syrian sport on an international stage after the ‘Arab Spring’, which had a negative impact on the support of most sports teams and missions.     

基于雅卡尔系数的反恐情报聚类分析

[目的/意义]聚类分析是数据挖掘的常用方法之一,使用聚类簇内数据相似性大、簇间数据相似性小的特点,可以实现对海量基础涉恐数据快速、准确、有效的分组。[方法/过程]本文研究如何利用基于雅卡尔系数的聚类方法对涉恐情报进行分析。在聚类之前要删减与涉恐相关性小的属性并将所有连续属性进行离散化处理。通过不断迭代计算样本数据集的雅卡尔系数并更新不同簇中的元素,直到达到设定的终止条件为止实现涉恐情报的聚类。[结果/结论]文中的方法可以实现对涉恐基础数据的初步分级分类,同时通过有经验的情报分析员定级以及与数据挖掘分类方法结合使用,可以有效提高情报分析的效率,为反恐预警提供量化的参考依据。     

冷战结束以来国际恐怖主义问题探析

冷战结束以来,国际恐怖主义活动变得越来越猖獗,被称之为“20世纪的政治瘟疫”。对国际秩序和人类安全提出了尖锐的挑战。现代国际恐怖主义泛滥的主要原因是民族、宗教、领土纷争;外部势力干预它国内政;高科技的普及及先进武器技术的扩散和日趋严重的社会问题等。它表现出范围日益扩大、方式更为隐蔽、手段更为残忍、大量使用高科技产品和新式武器及美国成为主要攻击目标等特点。国际反恐怖斗争任重道远。     

基于子图模式的反恐情报关联图集分析

[目的/意义]利用子图模式对暴恐案件中的人员关联进行分析可以发现涉恐人员关联图中的规律，为反恐情报分析提供有效参考。[方法/过程]首先对涉恐基础数据进行预处理，保证图中各顶点的唯一性。通过计数统计出所有的频繁1-子图和频繁2-子图，然后不断迭代生成其他候选子图并筛选频繁子图，直到达到终止条件为止。[结果/结论]该方法根据反恐情报的特点进行了优化，避免了普通频繁子图挖掘中的大量图同构检测，挖掘出的频繁子图可以反映不同类别涉恐人员之间的联系规律和联系特点，发现暴恐案件线索，有效预测和打击恐怖活动。     

加大国际合作惩治与防范“东突”恐怖主义犯罪的对策分析

自美国的9·11事件之后,恐怖主义开始受到世界各国的关注,国际间的反恐合作开始增多。从20世纪90年代开始,在国外恐怖势力的支持下,“东突”分子在新疆以及全国各地频繁发动恐怖暴力事件,成为严重危害中国社会稳定的毒瘤。面对越来越严峻的反恐形势,我国一方面要加大国内反恐怖主义的立法工作,另一方面应加强国际合作,推动国际反恐协议的签订,通过国内国外两个力量。惩治“东突”恐怖主义犯罪,维护我国经济社会的稳定。     

How do practitioners in early years provision promote Fundamental British Values?

In 2015, the United Kingdom government harnessed Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) providers to its anti-terrorism strategy by placing them within the scope of the Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015. They became subject to the ‘Prevent Duty’ which requires them to have due regard to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism. However, the promotion of Fundamental British Values (FBV), as a specific measure to prevent young children being drawn into terrorism, has raised questions about the role of the ECEC sector as an instrument of counter terrorism policy. This paper analyses the ways in which early childhood practitioners mediated the requirement to promote FBV through their pedagogical practice. Although practitioners are commissioned to mediate specific values formulated in the political arena their response was complex and multi-layered. Whilst a public display of compliance to FBV was performative values education was an everyday pedagogical practice unconstrained by the instituted definitions of FBV. Practitioners deployed a contextual moral pedagogy where children construct understandings of moral values and practices characterised by rich democratic dialogues.     

Does Private Schooling Affect National Stability?

I employ a year and country-level fixed-effects analytical technique to examine how private schooling could impact national stability using five different measures. I examine 177 different countries across the globe from 1999 to 2014. Most importantly, this technique allows me to conduct a quasi-experimental analysis by controlling for otherwise unobservable and relatively time-invariant characteristics of nation-states such as culture, language, religiosity, and racial diversity. I do not find that contemporaneous changes in private schooling influence perceived control of corruption, stability, or rule of law within a nation-state. Moreover, I do not find any evidence indicating that private schooling fluctuations influence actual terrorist activity or the likelihood of a coup d’état within a country. However, I find evidence indicating that private schooling improves perceived control of corruption and rule of law when students become adults.     

The media–terrorism symbiosis: a case study of Mumbai attacks, 2008

There has been a long-standing debate among scholars, policy-makers, politicians and journalists about the relationship between terrorism and the news media for whom terrorism is usually a newsworthy story. A primary focus of the debate is to investigate the media–terrorism symbiotic relationship. This paper explores this relationship through a qualitative, thematic analysis of how British TV news channels covered a major terrorist incident after the 9/11 – Mumbai attacks 2008. It examines the interpretive theme of ‘awe, terror and chaos’, and how it is selected, prioritized and developed in the presentation of the events which spread over a period of more than 72 hours. Additionally, it considers the kind of political and organizational factors that might shape or modify the editorial decision-making processes and ideological assumptions that may lie behind such coverage. Ultimately, the study maintains that British TV news outlets play an important role in mediating terrorist messages and focus primarily on images of terror and violence during the coverage of Mumbai attacks. While there are key differences between public and commercial TV news in the style and presentation of coverage, with the former being more careful in approach, the news channels concentrate on televising death and injury and the propagation of chaos and confusion in the affected city.