中国水稻科技发展新趋势

水稻作为我国第一大粮食作物,约占粮食总产量的40％。稻米是我国人民赖以生存的主食。水稻生产不仅担负确保我国粮食安全的重任,并肩负实现种粮增效、稻农增收和全面推进新农村建设的重大使命,也是新阶段我国农业和农村经济发展的中心任务之一。     

天凉好“教”秋,教宝宝认识金秋

秋天金黄的季节,让宝宝观察秋天的景物,感悟大自然变化的美妙。秋天也是收获的季节,让宝宝认识秋天,还可以告诉他一分耕耘一分收获的道理。     

《诗经》中粮食作物词汇研究

粮食作物词汇是《诗经》中农作物词汇的重要组成部分,反映了周初到春秋中叶粮食作物的总体概况。文章将粮食作物词汇分为粟类、稻类、麦类、菽类、麻类,讨论了词汇语义反映的聚合关系,并且通过对粮食作物词汇数量的统计,得出小米是当时人们日常生活的主要食物种类。     

五谷为养 为宝宝的健康成长加油

谷类,是指主要的粮食作物,包括稻、小麦、玉米、小米、高梁、薏米、燕麦、荞麦等,是人体能量的主要来源。     

在引进中创新在创新中发展——云南省农科院粮作所有种及种子产业化综述

农业的发展；最终要依靠农业科技的进步与创新，而农业科技进步创新首先体现在农作物新品种选育及其产业化开发研究中。因为育种技术创新的根本目的是实现种子商品化和产业化，种子产业化经营是促进粮食作物结构调整的重要途径，也是提高农产品竞争力的有力措施。回顾“九五”以来我所科研工作，积极引进优良材料是提高自我发展的一项重要措施，培育种业科技龙头企业，就是要突出创新，加强技术集成，走育繁推肖一体化的道路。总之，引进、创新、发展是我所提升育种技术，推进种子产业化经营的必由之路。     

掂花惹草来钓鱼

饵料的种类丰富多样，有荤有素，素饵又以粮食作物为主，本文则把一些常见的花卉种类作为钓饵，为钓饵家族增加一些“漂亮”的新成员，希望能对钓友们有更多帮助。[编者按]     

水稻中的遗传学知识及试题

水稻是最重要的粮食作物之一，其直接关系到世界一半以上人口的生活质量。水稻的品质与产量是当今水稻研究领域的重点，而对其具决定作用的则是基因。因此关注水稻中的遗传学知识，有助于了解生物科技动态和高中生物遗传学教学，并能达到系统掌握遗传学知识的目的。     

黑龙江省主要作物产量变化及其与气候因子的关系

根据黑龙江省1980-2011年的气候和主要粮食作物产量等资料,利用SPSS相关性分析法研究黑龙江省主要粮食作物产量与温度、降水两个主要气候因子的相关性。结果表明:黑龙江省主要粮食作物产量总体变化趋势为小麦产量下降,水稻、玉米和大豆增加,形成了以玉米、大豆和水稻为主的产量结构;温度与玉米、大豆、水稻、小麦几种作物产量的相关系数分别是0.380、0.574、0.603和-0.666,都在0.01或0.05水平上显著相关;降水和水稻、小麦两种作物产量在0.05水平上显性相关,相关系数分别是-0.395和-0.430。降水和玉米、大豆两种作物产量的相关性较差,相关系数分别是-0.197和-0.294。由此可见,温度对黑龙江省主要作物产量的影响大于降水的影响,且几种作物产量受温度和降水影响为:小麦>水稻>大豆>玉米。     

Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops

Heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, chromium and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the atmosphere, soil and water, even in traces can cause serious problems to all organisms, and heavy metal bioaccumulation in the food chain especially can be highly dangerous to human health. Heavy metals enter the human body mainly through two routes namely： inhalation and ingestion, ingestion being the main route of exposure to these elements in human population. Heavy metals intake by human populations through food chain has been reported in many countries. Soil threshold for heavy metal toxicity is an important factor affecting soil environmental capacity of heavy metal and determines heavy metal cumulative loading limits. For soil-plant system, heavy metal toxicity threshold is the highest permissible content in the soil （total or bioavailable concentration） that does not pose any phytotoxic effects or heavy metals in the edible parts of the crops does not exceed food hygiene standards. Factors affecting the thresholds of dietary toxicity of heavy metal in soil-crop system include： soil type which includes soil pH, organic matter content, clay mineral and other soil chemical and biochemical properties; and crop species or cultivars regulated by genetic basis for heavy metal transport and accumulation in plants. In addition, the interactions of soil-plant root-microbes play important roles in regulating heavy metal movement from soil to the edible parts of crops. Agronomic practices such as fertilizer and water managements as well as crop rotation system can affect bioavailability and crop accumulation of heavy metals, thus influencing the thresholds for assessing dietary toxicity of heavy metals in the food chain. This paper reviews the phytotoxic effects and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in vegetables and food crops and assesses soil heavy metal thresholds for potential dietary toxicity.