第三帝国时期的德国体育及其语言

纳粹统治时期种族主义盛行,体育运动也未能自外其中,沦为国家政治的工具。而体育术语本土化的规范,似是黑暗政治中的一道学术微光。本文采用文献分析法,以1936年柏林奥运会及《奥林匹克手册》为例,对该时期的德国体育战略及体育语言工作进行分析。     

北京冬奥会背景下黑龙江省高校冰雪运动发展路径

2022年冬奥会已进入北京时间。黑龙江省各高校应在习主席新时代中国特色社会主义思想引领下,深入贯彻党的教育方针,将立德树人根本任务深切落到实处,积极响应"带动3亿人参与冰雪运动"的伟大号召,加速发展高校冰雪运动。本文采用文献资料、逻辑分析、归纳等研究方法,对北京冬奥会背景下黑龙江省高校冰雪运动发展的现状及存在问题进行分析,并探寻一条符合新时代发展需要的黑龙江省高校冰雪运动发展路径,旨在全面振兴黑龙江省高校冰雪运动,为2022年北京冬奥会保驾护航。     

北京冬奥会筹备对运动休闲基地建设的示范作用研究

北京冬奥会雪上项目将在张家口市崇礼区进行,冬奥会筹备工作的重点也就集中在了这个过去名不见经传的小镇上了。虽然距冬奥会开幕还有近2年的时间,但崇礼区作为滑雪运动圣地已蜚声海内外,国外专业滑雪运动队将它作为训练基地外,国内业余滑雪运动者也从全国各地涌向这里。如今,张家口市整个经济被冬奥会激活了,其产业结构也已因崇礼区滑雪运动休闲基地实现了从农业经济向资源旅游经济的转型。虽然冬奥会筹备是国家级的大事,但张家口崇礼区的建设筹备仍然对全国休闲运动基地建设具有示范指导意义。     

Interorganisational conflict between national and provincial sport organisations within China’s elite sport system: Perspectives from national organisations

In this article, the authors examine interorganisational conflict between provincial and national sport organisations in China. The authors theoretically ground the research in work related to interorganisational relationships and interorganisational conflict. The three case studies are artistic gymnastics, swimming, and cycling, and the authors conducted interviews with 11 staff from the relevant national-level sport organisations. Secondary data was sourced from official publications, websites, and influential domestic media. The key finding is that, whilst famed for its top-down bureaucratic system, there is considerable interorganisational conflict within the Chinese sport system. The extent and characteristics of the national-provincial conflict vary between sports. But there is also some consistency regarding the causes of the conflict and the measures adopted to mitigate the tension. Interorganisational conflict provides a useful heuristic for articulating and understanding the interorganisational relationships within the Chinese elite sport system and hence advances elite sport management research.     

Did London 2012 deliver a sports participation legacy?

Despite the increasing academic interest in the analysis of the Olympic legacy, there is a relative knowledge gap as far as sports participation legacy is concerned. The authors bridge this gap by analysing the short-term sports participation legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games on the adult population in England. By using data from the Active People Survey and considering different sports participation variables and the effect of the economic climate, results demonstrate a positive association with participation from hosting the Games. Participation rates were adjusted to take into account seasonality and changes in the gross domestic product (GDP), accounting in this way for the effect of the recent economic recession. The biggest effect was observed in relation to frequent participation (at least three times per week for at least 30 min) in the year immediately after the Games. In 2014, the sports participation rates fell relative to 2013 but remained higher than pre-Olympic levels. The sport participation legacy of the Olympic Games appeared to have significant differences between socio-demographic groups.     

我国优秀青少年男排运动员专项体能特征的评价研究

运用文献资料、专家访谈、录像观察和数理统计等科研方法,以东京奥运周期中23届和24届羽毛球世锦赛成绩为主要依据,分析我国男子羽毛球发展现状及各国在各单项上的竞技实力,前瞻东京奥运会周期世界男子羽毛球竞争格局。结论如下：我国男子羽毛球队虽然取得了不少成绩,但也面临着人才青黄不接、年轻选手比赛经验不足,心理素质较差、技战术观念滞后等的尴尬局面。在竞争格局上,中国男子羽毛球队在世界羽坛上的优势地位遭到了严峻挑战,以丹麦为首的西方国家羽毛球队实力逐渐增强,亚欧之间的竞争力呈缩小之态势。在男子单打项目上,呈现出群雄逐鹿的局面;男子双打项目,则呈现出三足鼎立之势;混双方面,我国实力强劲,力压群雄,保持着较强的竞技水平。     

北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展效应及协同推进策略研究

摘要：以冬奥会进入“北京周期”后为契机,采用文献资料和实地调查等研究方法,对北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展效应及协同推进策略进行了研究。研究认为：北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展的效应明显,主要表现在北京市冰雪场馆建设数量明显增加、连续举办的国际冰雪赛事和国内冰雪赛事促进冰雪旅游发展的影响力明显提升、冰雪旅游融合效应显著;天津市冰雪旅游协同发展目标明确深耕细作释放新活力效果显著、冰雪旅游民生工程建设落实有声、“冰雪旅游+文化”深度融合带来红利;河北省在滑雪场和滑冰场数量逐年提升、以张家口为核心的冰雪旅游发展区位优势明显、生态冰雪旅游发展成效显著。据此提出构建京津冀冰雪体育产业链,促进京津冀冰雪旅游产业经济生态圈建设的可持续发展;以全域旅游发展理念为引领,构建多元化的京津冀冰雪旅游公共服务体系;构建完善的京津冀生态冰雪旅游资源开发与环境保障体系的北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展效应的协同推进策略。     

Systems model and individual simulations of training strategies in elite short-track speed skaters

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated training strategies on performance potential in elite short-track speed skaters. Training load and field-based criterion performances from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were collected over a 3-month training period and the relationship between training loads and performance was computed with a variable dose-response model using a genetic algorithm. Individual simulations of tapers preceded or not preceded by an overload training (OT) were assessed. We obtained a significant correlation between actual and modelled performances (R² = 0.76 ± 0.07). Regarding model parameters, no significant difference was found between males and females but the time to recover performance tended to be lower in females. Simulations in which the taper parameters were free highlighted that an exponential or a step taper were the most effective for increasing performance compared to a linear taper (p < 0.05). Optimal exponential taper duration after OT was 10.7 ± 2.4d and the optimal load reduction was 75.9 ± 3.7%. OT intensity had the greatest influence on the predicted performance, followed by OT duration, taper decay, and to a lesser extent load reduction during taper and taper duration. Thus, a variable dose-response systems model allows the evaluation of different taper strategies and their potential effect on performance changes.     

新规则视角下男子跆拳道技战术发展趋势——以世界冠军李大勋为例

文章采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、视频分析法和数理统计法,对李大勋在重大国际赛事中的交手回合、基本技术、组合技术的应用频数以及成功率等指标进行统计分析。根据2018-2019年度世界跆拳道联盟公布的最新奥运积分显示,李大勋拥有605.94个奥运积分且高于第二名将近300余分,目前世界排名第一,其技战术风格具有一定的代表性。结果显示：李大勋在比赛中习惯采用前腿侧踢与前腿横踢技术进行主动进攻、控制距离、防守破坏、封堵迎击;利用后腿横踢技术进行补充击打;灵活使用中变中、中变高等变线技术突破对手;新规则后近身贴靠时攻防转换技战术变化多样,"推+踢"技术运用巧妙,增加了其得分手段。分析认为,在实施新规则的比赛中李大勋结合判罚尺度与分值的变化,优化了进攻方式,增加了得分手段,提高了时局节奏,同时反映出现阶段跆拳道项目技战术发展趋势。     

从第31届奥运会看世界男篮的竞争新格局

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法、秩和比法等对进入第31届奥运会男子篮球决赛阶段的12支球队的攻防指标进行了研究。研究显示:在进攻端,美国、西班牙、澳大利亚、塞尔维亚4支球队排在前4名,中国男篮的进攻RSR值为0.21,在所有参赛球队中垫底。在防守端,西班牙、法国、克罗地亚、美国排在前4名,中国队的防守RSR值为0.35,列所有参赛球队的第11名。攻防综合方面,美国、西班牙、澳大利亚是表现最为出色的球队,中国男篮的攻防RSR值为0.13,在所有参赛球队中垫底。本届奥运会形成了美国男篮实力出众、欧洲球队整体实力强劲、大洋洲和非洲篮球进步明显、亚洲篮球远远落后于世界篮球的新格局。