历届足球世界杯纪念币评介

对世界各国发行的足球世界杯纪念币进行了系统的介绍与分析。目前已有9个主办国家发行足球世界杯纪念币70款,其中金币19款、银币40款、铜镍币8款、铝币3款;有来自五大洲64个非主办国家和地区发行了足球世界杯纪念币317款,其中白金币3款、金币21款、银币216款和铜币77款,这些纪念币的发行宣传了世界足球运动,推动了足球运动的发展。     

世界男子体操发展的新趋势——第35届体操世锦赛分析

依据第35届世界体操锦标赛实况录像,系统分析了当今世界男子体操发展的新动向：“稳定地完成全套动作”将成为团体赛竞竞争的重点;在起评分接近或相等的情况下,动作的类型,规格,质量,稳定性及艺术表现力等因素,将决定全能赛名次,针对各项目发展趋势的技术训练是单项发展的重点,而培养能够兼项的“特长”型选手,是体操强国实现全能和单项并举的新战略。     

CSI测评法及其在图书馆行业中的应用前景展望

用户满意度指数(CSI)是评价产品质量和服务质量的重要指标。文章介绍了CSI测评法的相关知识及国内外应用情况，并探讨了图书馆行业推广用户满意度指数测评方法的前景和可行性。     

Techniken für Web-basierte Datenbankanwendungen: Anforderungen, Ans?tze, Architekturen

Zusammenfassung.   Die rasche Verbreitung und einfache Nutzungsm?glichkeit des World Wide Web (WWW) hat heute schon zu einer Vielzahl Web-basierter Datenbankanwendungen geführt. Man geht jedoch davon aus, da? das eigentliche Wachstum des WWW und seiner Anwendungen durch die Fortschritte in der Kommunikations- und Informationstechnik erst noch bevorsteht [10]. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir die bei der Realisierung Web-basierter DB-Anwendungen eingesetzten Techniken vor. Hierzu untersuchen wir zun?chst typische DB-Anwendungen, die über das WWW abgewickelt werden, um sie anhand ihrer Kriterien charakterisieren zu k?nnen. Daran anschlie?end diskutieren und analysieren wir nach einem überblick die unterschiedlichen Realisierungstechniken im Detail. Eingegangen am 22. Juli 1998 / Angenommen am 22. Oktober 1998     

亚洲10强赛A组前场进攻与射门情况分析

本文对亚洲区10强赛A组中国与西亚四队前场进攻与射门情况进行统计比较,揭示西亚四强进攻的一般特点,寻找中国队与之对抗在进攻方面的优势与不足,以为中国队制订训练计划时参考。     

1998年世界杯足球决赛西亚队与欧洲队防守技术比较分析

对 1 998年世界杯足球决赛阶段西亚两队与欧洲四队比赛的防守状况进行统计比较 ,为中国队的训练与竞赛提供参考。结果表明 ,西亚队防守次数高于欧洲队 ,防守质量低于欧洲队。     

对16届世界杯前8名球队防守技战术的研究

通过对本届世界杯足球赛前8名球队防守技战术的统计分析发现:防守技术运用次数较上届大幅提高,但成功率变化不大,在中场运用比例增高;完成抢球技术的次数和成功率较上届大为提高;铲球技术的成功率较上届明显下降。在防守战术上,各队更加注重对中场的争夺,防守更加积极主动,且更具攻击性,整体防守更趋稳固。各种风格的战术打法区别明显,打攻势足球及攻击力较强的球队战绩较佳。     

Sport and doping: from WADA’s monopoly to collective arrangements and new model of anti-doping

Abstract

On April 1, 2018, the new standards of compliance to the code of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) came into force. The new standards impact all sports. An important amendment has been made to an article of the existing code ‘Additional Roles and Responsibility of the Parties’. Now, all international federations and the unions in agreement with WADA are obliged to reject applications for holding all sporting events from countries that do not comply with the WADA code. By then, Russian elite sport remained in isolation because the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) had no license from WADA until a compromise agreement allowed Russia back into international sports in September 2018. The probability of obtaining permanent return to international sport was extremely low. In order to obtain the license, Russian sport authorities were asked to agree with the reports of Professor McLaren and to admit the existence of doping support in the country at the state level, which seemed improbable. In Russia, although the new standards of the World Anti-Doping Agency code have not caused special concerns it directly impact Russian elite sport. Unless certain conditions were met by 2019, there was a high probability that Russia would not be able to attend large international competitions in the near future, including the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. The situation dictates the choice of the new strategy of development for Russian sport and new model for the fight against doping, which can be not dependent on WADA. To date, there have been no real checks on WADA’s authority other than occasional decisions in the Court of Arbitration for Sport. Academics who are critical of WADA’s functions often find themselves marginalized when the purported global doping “crisis” should bring “all hands on deck” to provide a humanistic and scientific approach that is best for athletes past, present and future. The functions of WADA in investigating, charging and punishing athletes do not contribute to sustainable development of sport and the sports industry around the world, and create unipolar environment of influence on sports development. Therefore, in this article, we describe some alternative forms and new order of regulation of the anti-doping relations in sport.     

第37届世界体操锦标赛我国男子团体和全能比赛实力分析

对第37届世界体操锦标赛男子团体和个人全能前8名选手的比赛成绩和完成情况进行统计，系统分析中国男子体操队的优势与不足。结果表明，中国男子竞技体操的团体实力处于世界领先地位，跳马、鞍马和双杠项目具有优势，男子全能比赛中国队有冲击金牌的实力，个别项目难度动作连接及完成质量有待提高，心理素质和成套动作的稳定发挥在体操比赛中的作用将越来越重要。     

‘98世界杯足球赛各参赛队进攻能力及特征

通过第１６届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段各队８项主要进攻指标的聚类分析,揭示本届杯赛各参赛队进攻的数量刊物。将３２支球队分成５类,统计表明各类样品间存在显性差异。亚洲４支参赛球队在小组赛中与８支世界强队６项进入指标存在显性差异,亚洲队与世界强队进攻量上的