Foreign players and competitive balance in Greek basketball and handball championships

One of the key issues of team sport championships is competitive balance. One of the dimensions of competitive balance is concerned with the differences in sporting capabilities of teams within a season. The aim of this study is to evaluate competitive balance in Greek basketball and handball championships in relation to the presence and number of foreign players. The examined periods are from 1965–1966 to 2012–2013 (n = 47) for basketball and from 1983–1984 to 2012–2013 (n = 30) for handball. Foreign players appeared in basketball starting from 1988 while in handball from 1999. For each season and sport, two global and three special indices that capture competitive balance in the multileveled championship structure were calculated. Results showed that the number of foreign players per team is dependent on the country's macroeconomic status and in its turn improves the overall competitiveness, as well as competitiveness at the relegation level. In handball foreign players appeared later and in lesser numbers than in basketball. The increase in competitiveness of the national basketball league as a result of the increase in numbers of foreign players across all teams was followed by an upsurge in the quality, performance and achievements of the top teams participating in the European competitions.     

Assessment of three-dimensional joint kinematics of the upper limb during simulated swimming using wearable inertial-magnetic measurement units

The analysis of the joint kinematics during swimming plays a fundamental role both in sports conditioning and in clinical contexts. Contrary to the traditional video analysis, wearable inertial-magnetic measurements units (IMMUs) allow to analyse both the underwater and aerial phases of the swimming stroke over the whole length of the swimming pool. Furthermore, the rapid calibration and short data processing required by IMMUs provide coaches and athletes with an immediate feedback on swimming kinematics during training. This study aimed to develop a protocol to assess the three-dimensional kinematics of the upper limbs during swimming using IMMUs. Kinematics were evaluated during simulated dry-land swimming trials performed in the laboratory by eight swimmers. A stereo-photogrammetric system was used as the gold standard. The results showed high coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) values, with median (first–third quartile) of 0.97 (0.93–0.95) and 0.99 (0.97–0.99) for simulated front-crawl and breaststroke, respectively. Furthermore, the joint angles were estimated with an accuracy increasing from distal to proximal joints, with wrist indices showing median CMC values always higher than 0.90. The present findings represent an important step towards the practical use of technology based on IMMUs for the kinematic analysis of swimming in applied contexts.     

An Evolution of the Migration of Taiwanese Female Basketball Players: From the ‘American Dream’ to the ‘Chinese Dream’

Abstract

This paper explores the migration of female basketball players from Taiwan to China. Governance theory is adopted as the framework in this study to analyze the phenomenon of players’ migration and to understand how it was shaped over the years. The empirical work draws on a qualitative approach, which is based on a review of documentary materials and semi-structured interviews; coding and analysis were undertaken with a content analysis approach in order to investigate the decision-making processes and their consequences for the players’ migration. The feature of systematic governance for the development of women’s basketball has been revealed in this study. Stakeholders with personal interests caused the downturn of women’s basketball development in Taiwan, and it eventually led to the players’ migration abroad. Through the lens of governance theory, it has been revealed that a number of factors – namely, political, financial, personal, socio-economic, and cultural – all intertwine with one another dynamically to influence the female players’ decision to move abroad. This finding broadens the scope for the research of Taiwanese athletes’ migration to China, extending the focus from only business or industry to other aspects, thereby highlighting the fact that the subject is more complex than previously understood.     

论第三代领导集体建设有中国特色社会主义民主政治的思想

第三代领导集体建设有中国特色社会主义民主政治的思想是邓小平理论的重要组成部分,是对邓小平理论的继承与坚持,进一步丰富和发展了马克思主义关于社会主义民主政治的理论,是对马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的贡献与发展。第三代领导集体有中国特色社会主义民主政治思想有着其形成过程、主要特点及其意义作用。     

Features of the Formation of Multi-view Autostereoscopic Image without Vertical Parallax

1.Introduction The reproduction systems of 3D images without using eyeglasses and other special accessories has always attracted attention and aroused great interest of developers and consumers of such equipment because of totally accurate image and method of its presentation.Such systems can be used and are already partially used in advertising,television,different devices (i.e.smartphones,tablet computers),at the exhibitions,etc.,as well as in various technical applications,training systems,simulators,etc.     

Study on effect of segments erection tolerance and wedge-shaped segment on segment ring in shield tunnel

INTRODUCTION Shield tunnel method has become the most pre- ferred method in city tunnel construction because of its excellent attributes: little effect on surrounding environment, fast and safe construction, outstanding performance in earthquake resistance, etc. (Zhang et al., 2004). In different shield tunnels, the arrangement and number of segments are different, but the whole assembling process is generally the same. The as- sembling process begins with A2P, then A1P, A3P, BP, CP, …     

"3+2"——法国教师教育新模式

“3 2”是法国推进面向21世纪教师教育改革的一种新模式。本文介绍了法国“3 2”新模式实施的背景,剖析了一元化承担初等学校教师和中等学校教师培养与研修的法国“教师教育大学院”(IUFM)的运作特点及其课程设置,并在此基础上探讨了“3 2”模式对我国教师教育模式改革的若干启示。     

N-甲基苯氨基-4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5三嗪的合成与表征

目的:为了进一步研究与发展均三嗪衍生物的制备方法.方法:在丙酮介质中,三聚氯氰先后与N-甲基苯胺、甲醇反应,合成了N-甲基苯氨基-4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5三嗪.结果:标题化合物经红外光谱和质谱对它进行了表征,筛选出了最佳的工艺条件.结论:制备方法简单,反应条件温和,效果良好.     

真空退火对La0.7Ca0.3MnO3外延薄膜输运特性的影响

在温度300-600℃及2×10-4-1×10-3Torr的氧压下,对脉冲激光烧蚀生成的La0.7Ca0.3MnO3(LCMO)薄膜进行退火.无论是经原位或异位退火处理后的LCMO薄膜,其金属-半导体电阻-温度(R-T)特性曲线及转变温度均会发生明显的改变.薄膜氧含量对其输运特性有突出的影响.     

单片机测控系统中P3口的双重使用

MCS－51系列单片机的P3口是一个双功能口，具有特殊性。当T0口（P3．4）或T1口（P3．5）作为内部定时器使用时，其口线还可作为通用输入／输出口使用。章对单片机P3口的定时器／计时器口的双重使用方法，从原理上作了详细分析，并介绍了其在真空压强、测量仪中的实际应用。解决了单片机自身口资源有限的矛盾。