优秀女子举重运动员抓举技术的生物力学分析

通过三维运动图像分析手段对我国5名优秀女子举重运动员的抓举技术动作进行测试,通过对比分析不同运动员在抓举过程中各动作技术阶段(第一发力阶段、过渡阶段、第二发力阶段和惯性上升阶段)的时间比、杠铃上升高度比、做功比和平均功率等关键指标,揭示我国优秀女子举重运动员的抓举技术特征.     

湖北省高校高水平篮球运动员运动损伤的现状与预防对策分析

对湖北省高校高水平篮球运动员进行运动损伤调查。结果表明运动损伤发病率男生为98.57%;女生为57.45%,其损伤特点男生多是急性伤,女生多是慢性劳损伤,损伤呈多发性。运动损伤得原因最多的依次为准备不充分、疲劳、负荷过大、思想麻痹等方面。运动损伤的部位和性质主要为足/踝、膝、手/腕和擦伤、挫伤、骨折等。建议：加强对运动员进行竞赛规则教育、体育道德和自我保护意识培养,加强技术训练和力量练习以及科学的训练方法和医疗监督。     

全美高校竞技体育联合会的管理原则

根据全美高校竞技体育职合会１９９６年的改革方案及发展宗旨,全美高校竞技体育 合会确立了大不自我控制和全权负责、学生运动员身心健康、男女平等、学术标准、服从规则、公平竞赛、业余体育、招生条例、资格审查、经费资助等１６条基本的管理原则,为今天全美高校竞技体育联合会的蓬勃发展奠定了理论基础。     

世界优秀男子400米跑运动员速度特征分析

对第6，7届世界田径锦标赛男子400米决赛选手全程和分段成绩进行分析，揭示当今世界男子400米跑速度特征及发展趋势。研究认为，运动员绝对速度能力、保持高速跑的能力以及匀速跑的节奏，是训练工作中应抓好的主要环节。     

运动员组织性应激研究的源起与现状

组织性应激是指与个体工作所在的组织直接并且主要相关的环境需要同个体之间的一个持续相互作用的过程。由于运动员工作环境的特殊性,因此提出组织性应激的概念可以更加有效地理解运动员应激。运动员组织应激源主要包括5个类别:体育本身固有因素,运动员在体育组织机构中的角色,体育运动项目中人与人之间关系和交流的需要,运动员竞技生涯和成绩发展问题,体育运动项目的组织结构和氛围。未来的研究应该注意进入组织内部测量,完善相关的研究方法,以及建立一体化的理论模型等方面。     

Tensiomyographical responses to accelerometer loads in female collegiate basketball players

The purpose of the present study was to characterise the relationship between relative versus absolute internal and external loads in collegiate basketball players throughout the course of a season. Five Division I basketball players wore triaxial accelerometers throughout the 2015–2016 season and were tensiomyographically assessed weekly. One-way repeated-measure analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) with least-significant-difference (LSD) pairwise comparisons was used to determine which absolute weekly loads were different across the season. Cohen’s d was used to supplement the determination of meaningful relative load changes. Overall RM ANOVA models suggest absolute external load differences occurred (PlayerLoad? F = 17.63; IMA? F = 31.63). Two-way RM ANOVA models revealed main effect differences were revealed between muscle groups for Tc (F = 9.11) and Dm (F = 3.25). Meaningful relative load changes between weeks were observed for both external and internal. The present study observed that tensiomyography utilised as a tool to monitor internal load may be more suitable for detecting fatigue from relative external load changes versus absolute load attained. Limiting weekly training volume changes to ≤10% may maintain appropriate adaptation. Mediolateral plane IMA? and adductor longus muscle group may be pertinent metrics when monitoring female collegiate basketball athletes.     

我国职业运动员人力资本产权交易制度研究

为了完善我国职业运动员人力资本产权交易制度,该研究以人力资本理论、产权理论、微观经济学、新制度经济学、法学理论为研究基础,结合我国职业体育实践以及国外职业体育的成功经验,对我国职业运动员人力资本要素市场存在的问题进行研究,认为我国职业运动员人力资本产权交易制度中存在的主要问题在于：稀缺性运动员人力资本的供需关系矛盾突出;职业运动员人力资本要素市场不完善,买方垄断、卖方垄断的运动员人力资本要素市场并存;运动员人力资本投资专用性治理措施不合理。我国职业运动员人力资本产权交易制度改革的近期目标,要围绕明确职业运动员劳动者的地位,保护职业运动员合理的自由选择权与自由流动权,采取有效措施增加优秀运动员人力资本的供给,采取有效措施限制职业体育俱乐部的过度竞争行为,设立职业运动员最低薪酬标准,保护普通职业运动员的权益等方面进行。     

The Seljuk Sultanate of Rūm and the Turkmen of the Byzantine frontier, 1206–1279*

This article examines the frontier between the Seljuk Sultanate of Rūm and its Byzantine neighbours in the thirteenth century, concentrating on the place of these frontier districts within the Seljuk state. Scholarship on the frontier, influenced by the ideas of Paul Wittek, has seen it as something of a “no man's land”, politically, economically, culturally and religiously distinct from the urban heartland of the Seljuk sultanate in central Anatolia, dominated by the nomadic Turks, the Turkmen, who operated largely beyond sultanic control. It is often thought that the Seljuk and Greek sides of the border shared more in common with each other than they did with the states of which they formed a part. In contrast, this article argues that in fact the western frontier regions were closely integrated into the Seljuk sultanate. Furthermore, with the Mongol domination of the Seljuk sultanate in the second half of the thirteenth century, the Seljuk and Mongol elites became increasingly involved in this frontier region, where some of the leading figures of the sultanate had estates and endowments.     

The Byzantines and Saladin: Some Further Arguments

This is the second of two articles by the same author arguing against the thesis that there was a conspiracy between the Byzantine emperors and Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, against the crusader states and the Third Crusade in the 1180s. While the focus of the first article was primarily on the Latin sources, the present study shifts the focus to the Arabic primary material, hitherto largely neglected or inadequately treated by modern historians. Through a critical re-examination and re-interpretation of the Arabic sources, backed by the introduction and discussion of new Latin material when necessary, this article presents expanded arguments on the relations between the Byzantine Empire, the Sultanate of Konya and Saladin in the 1180s. The conclusions lend further support to the view that the Byzantine rulers and Saladin never concluded an alliance against the Latin settlers of Outremer and the Third Crusade.     

Government,Church and Māori Responses to Mākutu (Sorcery) in New Zealand in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

ABSTRACT

Traditionally Māori attributed disease to supernatural causes, including mākutu (sorcery) and, as with some other indigenous cultures, considered that killing sorcerers was both just and right. Belief in mākutu ran counter to the Church's desire to gain religious primacy, and mākutu-related murders challenged the State's claim to sovereignty, and its desire to ‘civilize’ Māori. Each indigenous society possesses unique characteristics, just as the nature of each settler society develops within its own environment. While some similarities with other colonized societies can be identified, distinctive local conditions influenced the relationship of Māori to the New Zealand colonial state, and thus attitudes and actions relating to sorcery-related crime. This article explores how mākutu brought Māori communities into conflict with both Church and State, and how the latter in particular was constrained by political realities. As the nineteenth century came to an end, the murders had largely ceased and the State and Church became more concerned with Māori spiritual healers. The article also shows that Māori reformers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries took a lead in changing Māori attitudes.