Strength training

Literature concerning the theoretical role of spinal reflex circuits and their sensorimotor signals in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) muscle stretching techniques was examined. Reviewed data do not support the assertion commonly made in PNF literature that contraction of a stretched muscle prior to further stretch, or contraction of opposing muscles during muscle stretch, produces relaxation of the stretched muscle. Further, following contraction of a stretched muscle, inhibition of the stretch reflex response lasts only 1 s. Studies examined suggested that decreases in the response amplitude of the Hoffmann and muscle stretch reflexes following a contraction of a stretched muscle are not due to the activation of Golgi tendon organs, as commonly purported, but instead may be due to presynaptic inhibition of the muscle spindle sensory signal. The current view on the complex manner by which the spinal cord processes proprioceptive signals was discussed. The ability of acute PNF stretching procedures to often produce a joint range of motion greater than that observed with static stretching must be explained by mechanisms other than the spinal processing of proprioceptive information. Studies reviewed indicate that changes in the ability to tolerate stretch and/or the vis‐coelastic properties of the stretched muscle, induced by PNF procedures, are possible mechanisms.     

天津高校大学生运动性跟腱损伤治疗与康复的调查研究

目的了解高校大学生运动性跟腱损伤的发病、治疗与康复情况,为高校大学生有针对性的预防以及治疗运动性跟腱损伤提供参考。方法采用自制问卷与访谈的方式,对天津10所高校在校大学生以及3所三甲医院的骨科医生进行问卷调查。结果高校大学生发生跟腱损伤的项目主要是跳跃性项目;在损伤人群上,研究生高于大三、四学生以及大一、大二学生;在跟腱损伤影响因素中,显性因素与隐性因素存在显著性差异(χ2=25.78;P=0.014)。在跟腱治疗与恢复上,68.6%的大学生进行过相关性的针灸、按摩等理疗以及专业运动康复手段促进恢复,31.4%的大学生未采用,仅靠自然状态下的恢复。建议高校大学生在从事剧烈活动时需要了解自身情况,在热身的前提下科学适度锻炼,跟腱一旦损伤需在治疗与康复上给予重视,以免影响今后的运动能力。     

男足运动员踝关节跟腱韧带损伤的康复治疗与监测研究

运用等速肌力测定、表面肌电与动态平衡稳定性测试等评定方法,对两名跟腱韧带损伤的男足运动员进行定向、周期性的康复治疗,并对治疗前后的肌力等特征值进行了系统监测研究,结果表明:(1)经采用多点等长、短、长弧等速训练结合平衡能力练习的治疗方案与定向监测的诊断结果显示,两人的踝关节跟腱韧带损伤在短时间内能获得比较理想的康复效果 (2)在损伤后的康复治疗中,加强下肢协同肌群的功能性锻炼,充分恢复关节动力稳定结构的功能,对再建跟腱韧带稳定性及预防再伤等具有重要意义。     

超声心电图对运动员心脏腱索异常的评价

通过对7例心脏腱索异常的运动员进行超声心动图监测，探讨超声心动图技术对运动员心脏腱索异常评价的客观性。     

大强度训练与合成雄性激素类固醇对兔肌腱粘弹性的影响

对大强度训练的兔肌注AAS,3周后通过对跟腱、屈趾肌腱的应力松弛、蠕变及滞后特性的测试,发现AAS对肌腱的粘弹性产生明显的影响,表现为蠕变、应力松弛减小,滞后环和滞后加大。由于这些变化,可能会增加肌腱在剧烈运动中受伤的易感性。     

运动锻炼对肌腱粘弹性影响的实验研究

对模拟运动6周后的兔跟腱、髌腱、屈趾肌腱粘弹性的测试,发现肌腱的蠕变增加,应力松弛加快,滞后减小,弹性轻度增加等改变,这些变化可能是肌腱对运动锻炼的一种适应性反应。     

Variants within the COMP and THBS2 genes are not associated with Achilles tendinopathy in a case-control study of South African and Australian populations

Abstract

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is a structural protein of the extracellular matrix, while thrombospondin-2 is a matricellular protein involved in cell–matrix interactions. Recent studies have shown that genetic variation is a significant risk factor for Achilles tendinopathy, and the genes encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) were identified as good candidate genes for association with Achilles tendinopathy. This study aimed to test the association of sequence variants within these candidate genes with the risk of Achilles tendinopathy in participants from South Africa (SA) and Australia (AUS). Three-hundred and forty (133 SA; 207 AUS) control participants with no history of Achilles tendinopathy and 178 (94 SA; 84 AUS) participants clinically diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy were genotyped for five single nucleotide polymorphisms within the COMP and THBS2 genes in this case-control study. There was no difference in genotype distributions between control and tendinopathy groups for either the THBS2 variants rs9505888, rs6422747 and rs9283850, or the COMP variants rs730079 and rs28494505 in the SA and AUS populations. As the selection of COMP and THBS2 as candidate genes was hypothesis driven, based on biological function, the possibility that other variants within these genes are associated with Achilles tendinopathy cannot be excluded.     

火针治疗对大鼠跟腱末端病HSP70表达的影响

通过比较1次与4次火针治疗后大鼠跟腱末端区HSP70表达变化,探讨火针治疗末端病的作用机理,为末端病的火针治疗提供理论依据。采用"电击跳跃法"建立大鼠跟腱末端病模型,并对模型进行火针治疗。采用ABC法检测HSP70表达,在40倍物镜下进行阳性细胞计数。结果表明:治疗1组纤维软骨区、腱骨关节面软骨的HSP70阳性率显著高于对照1组(P<0.05);治疗2组纤维软骨区、腱骨关节面软骨的HSP70阳性率显著高于对照2组(P<0.05);治疗3组腱骨关节面软骨的HSP70阳性率显著高于对照3组(P<0.05);治疗4组腱骨关节面软骨的HSP70阳性率显著高于对照4组(P<0.05);治疗5组纤维软骨区、腱骨关节面软骨的HSP70阳性率非常显著高于对照5组(P<0.01)。得出结论:1)1次火针治疗诱导末端区合成大量HSP70,主要表现在纤维软骨区、腱骨关节面软骨2个部位,使末端区组织和细胞对坏死、损伤产生抵抗,同时促进坏死、损伤组织和细胞的修复,对末端病的恢复起到了一定的促进作用。2)4次火针治疗后这2个部位的阳性率明显高于1次火针治疗,4次火针治疗能更进一步促进末端病的恢复。     

传统武术“易筋”的身体训练哲学

练"筋"是中国武术最具特点和根本有别于西方搏击术的身体训练范畴,阐明"筋"的内涵,能够见微知著地发显传统武术的思维模式。以中国哲学的体象论为方法论,提出：传统武术的元身体范畴"筋"并非单纯解剖学意义上的组织器官,而是吸收了中国哲学和医学的整体化的身体意象后形成的范畴。其具备解剖学的实体意义,是武术劲力之"原象",是技击能力和生命力的"藏显之象",是联系人身体、强化生命的"流通之意象"。"筋"与中华武术的其它元范畴"气""丹田""劲"等都有着极为紧密的辩证一体关系。易筋不仅强技,更能清虚其内、轻松其体,继而促进神气运用,使身体圆活无滞,最终达到"一气贯通"的化无之道。因此,武术由技入道的身体修习过程本质上即为"易筋之事"。     

中部1/3髌韧带切除后其修复过程中的钙化现象

在对实验性切除中部1/3髌韧带后,剩余部分髌韧带修复过程进行有关研究时,发现在术后的3至9个月,已修复的伤口区中央出现一些类似骨样的细胞和结构。通过进行茜素红染色和对骨形成蛋白-4(BMP-4)基因表达进行原位杂交研究。我们认为:这是一种钙化现象,属不良修复的可能性大,而非是自然修复的一个过程。钙化现象可能是导致韧带损伤修复后功能不能恢复正常的原因之一。同时我们还发现 BMP-4 基因在那些类似骨细胞样的过渡型的间充质细胞中存在着表达,提示:BMP-4 基因在髌韧带修复过程中会起着一定的作用,可能也在钙化现象的发生当中担当一定的角色。