Responses to oral glucose challenge differ by physical activity volume and intensity: A pilot study

BackgroundOne-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical activity (PA) has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response. This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.MethodsThirty-one adults without diabetes (age 25.9 ± 6.6 years; body mass index 23.8 ± 3.8 kg/m²; mean ± SD) were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity: low activity < 30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity (n = 11), moderately active ≥ 30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA (n = 10), and very active ≥ 60 min/day of PA at high intensity (n = 10). Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test (50 g glucose) with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min post-ingestion.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin (p > 0.05). The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level (p = 0.003) and, marginally, for gender (p = 0.053) and BMI (p = 0.050). There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results (p = 0.029), with differences between very active and low activity groups (p = 0.008) but not between the moderately active and low activity groups (p = 0.360), even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for. For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for (p = 0.401). Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group (p = 0.012).ConclusionThe results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.     

湖南师大体育学院学生篮球裁判现状与培养模式分析

体育竞赛活动的顺利开展需要懂得竞赛规则和具有裁判能力的组织者。湖南师范大学体育学院作为湖南省各类体育人才培养的摇篮,多年来为社会输送了大量合格的体育裁判员,其中数量最多,社会需求量最大的是篮球裁判员。本文基于实地调查,对存在的问题进行了总结与改进,旨在为推进湖南省篮球裁判队伍业务素质整体的提高与建设提出合理化建议。     

探讨游泳教学训练中的核心力量训练

随着竞技体育水平的不断提高,各个游泳训练队逐渐加大对核心力量训练的重视。核心力量在这个游泳运动中,尤其是在水域不稳定的情况下,重要性不言而喻。核心力量训练需配合相应游泳项目才会达到较好的效果,使运动员在水中更好地提高自己成绩。教练更加起到不可忽视的作用,根据不同个体支队差异化训练以更好地提高运动员的成绩。下面本文主要针对游泳教学训练中的核心力量训练进行讨论。     

应用型人才培养模式下的“开放式”体育教学改革与研究——以莆田学院为例

本文采用文献资料、个案研究等方法,对莆田学院应用型人才培养模式下的“开放式”体育教学改革进行调查研究,旨在剖析其改革的具体方法,并提出以下建议:(1)宏观方面,建议政府出台支持政策,积极引导校企合作,建议企业依据自身需要,将相关需求的市场信息反馈给学校,实现地方社会事业、学校和企业的“三方”共赢。(2)微观方面,学校积极提升自身的“软”与“硬”实力,结合市场需求,充分利用校企合作的市场机遇,调整人才培养模式,充分运用现代信息技术,实现体育教学理念、教学内容要和方法、教学时间和空间、教学评价体系上的开放,培养满足市场需求的专业技术人才。     

技巧啦啦操运动员核心力量训练内容及其方法的研究

技巧啦啦操在国内快速的普及,大大小小的比赛也越来越多,从幼儿园到大学各种各样的技巧啦啦操队伍也应运而生,参与比赛的人说也是逐年增加,但运动员的技巧水平还有待提高,身体素质也有待加强。鉴于这些薄弱方面,本文主要运用文献资料法、访谈法、逻辑分析法等对技巧啦啦操运动员的核心力量训练内容及其方法进行研究,旨从理论中指导实践,从实践中总结经验,推动我国的技巧啦啦操水平向世界先进水平迈进,从而走得更远。     

循环抗阻训练对女大学生肌力及有氧耐力影响研究*

目的：探讨循环抗阻训练对非体育专业女大学生等动肌力以及有氧工作能力的影响。方法：以在校非体育专项23名女大学生为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组进行8周循环抗阻训练,对照组不训练。训练前后,利用IsoMed2000等动肌力测试系统测试肩关节、腰腹、膝关节等部位等速肌力;利用CORTEX MetaMax-3B运动心肺功能测试仪测试最大摄氧量的变化。结果：1.通过8周循环抗阻训练,女大学生左右膝关节屈伸肌群等动肌力均显著高于训练前,腰腹伸肌群等动肌力极显著高于训练前,左右肩关节屈肌群等动肌力极显著高于训练前,右肩关节伸肌群等动肌力极显著高于训练前;2.通过8周循环抗阻训练,女大学生最大摄氧量绝对值、相对值以及最大摄氧量出现时间均极显著高于训练前。结论：通过8周循环抗阻训练,能提升女大学生有氧耐力,增加女大学生膝关节屈伸肌群、躯干伸肌群、左右肩关节屈肌群峰以及右肩关节伸肌群的力量。但躯干屈肌群和左肩关节伸肌群作用不明显,今后应用该套循环抗阻训练方案,应增加躯干伸肌群和左肩关节伸肌群锻炼动作。     

改进的熵值法在河南省可持续发展能力评估中的应用

首先从系统功能角度设计了河南省可持续发展的指标体系,包括7个功能组71个指标,接着评述了熵值法的基本原理、运算步骤及对该方法的改进措施,并用改进的熵值法对河南省可持续发展能力及其结构做了定量分析.河南省可持续发展指标权重值≥0.015的指标有:经济指标7个、环境指标6个、人口指标6个、社会指标5个、资源指标4个、科技指标1个,累计权重依次为0.120、0.118、0.108、0.085、0.066、0.020.表明河南省可持续发展系统的构成要素中,经济因子最为重要,其次为环境因子,再次为人口因子.提高河南省可持续发展能力首先要大力发展生产力,同时要保证生态环境的不退化,另外也要控制人口数量的增长.20世纪90年代河南省可持续发展能力总趋势是增强的,但1991年～1993年间呈下降态势.在河南省可持续发展系统功能中,区域发展水平对系统的贡献最大,起着决定性作用.     

乒乓球运动员的时间知觉

根据实践观察,从心理学角度论述了乒乓球运动员时间知觉的特点,提出了提高时间知觉水平的具体方法。     

3-min all-out effort on cycle ergometer is valid to estimate the anaerobic capacity by measurement of blood lactate and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a single 3-min all-out maximal effort to estimate anaerobic capacity (AC) through the lactate and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) response methods (AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast}) on a cycle ergometer. Eleven physically active men (age?=?28.1?±?4.0?yrs, height?=?175.1?±?4.2?cm, body mass?=?74.8?±?11.9?kg and ?O_2max?=?40.7?±?7.3?mL?kg^?1?min^?1), participated in the study and performed: i) five submaximal efforts, ii) a supramaximal effort at 115% of intensity of ?O_2max, and iii) a 3-min all-out maximal effort. Anaerobic capacity was estimated using the supramaximal effort through conventional maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) and also through the sum of oxygen equivalents from the glycolytic (fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) and phosphagen pathways (blood lactate accumulation) (AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast}), while during the 3-min all-out maximal effort the anaerobic capacity was estimated using the AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast} procedure. There were no significant differences between the three methods (p?>?0.05). Additionally, the anaerobic capacity estimated during the 3-min all-out effort was significantly correlated with the MAOD (r?=?0.74; p?=?0.009) and AC_{[La^?]+EPOCfast} methods (r?=?0.65; p?=?0.029). Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the 3-min all-out effort is valid to estimate anaerobic capacity in physically active men during a single cycle ergometer effort.     

The biomechanical characteristics of high-performance endurance running

The biomechanical profile of high-level endurance runners may represent a useful model that could be used for developing training programmes designed to improve running style. This study, therefore, sought to compare the biomechanical characteristics of high-performance and recreational runners. Kinematic and kinetic measurements were taken during overground running from a cohort of 14 high-performance (8 male) and 14 recreational (8 male) runners, at four speeds ranging from 3.3 to 5.6?m?s^?1. Two-way ANOVA analysis was then used to explore group and speed effects and principal component analysis used to explore the interdependence of the tested variables. The data showed the high-performance runners to have a gait style characterised by an increased vertical velocity of the centre of mass and a flight time that was 11% longer than the recreational group. The high-performance group were also observed to adopt a forefoot strike pattern, to contact the ground with their foot closer to their body and to have a larger ankle moment. Importantly, although observed group differences were mostly independent of speed, the tested variables showed a high degree of interdependence suggesting an underlying unitary phenomenon. This is the first study to compare high-performance and recreational runners across a full range of kinematic and kinetic variables. The results suggest that high-performance runners maintain stride length with a prolonged aerial phase, rather than by landing with a more extended knee. These findings motivate future intervention studies that should investigate whether recreational runners could benefit from instruction to decrease shank inclination at foot contact.