不同压力和暗示对运动状态焦虑的影响

研究中,方便抽样抽取63名被试者,随机分配到低压力和高压力情景中的积极暗示组、消极暗示组和控制组。结果发现,对比低压力,高压力下消极暗示提高状态焦虑程度、降低状态自信水平。研究结果提示：较大的比赛压力下,教练员不应对运动员消极暗示,而应是积极暗示,这样可能会有效地降低竞赛状态焦虑、提升状态自信。     

运动干预对大学生焦虑情绪影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价运动干预对大学生焦虑的影响,并提出最佳的干预方案。方法:使用Review Manager 5.3对纳入的14篇中文文献,1371名受试者通过设置的5个调节变量进行亚组分析。结果:运动干预对大学生焦虑情绪的影响效应量d=-1.09,锻炼时间(I2=91.3%)及干预周期(I2=84.0%)对运动干预和大学生焦虑情绪之间的关系有高异质性;干预内容(I2=68.9%)、干预强度(I2=62.9%)对运动干预和大学生焦虑情绪之间的关系存在中度异质性。结论:(1)运动干预可明显减缓大学生焦虑情绪;(2)相比其他运动,组合训练改善焦虑的效果最佳;(3)每次运动的锻炼30—60min、每周锻炼3次效果达到最优;(4)4—6周锻炼效果最明显;(5)中强度的干预效果最好。     

迷途的人生浪漫的救赎--小说《蓝色的马》解读

透过小说《蓝色的马》的表层文本分析了造成现代都市人性形变的深层原因——来自现代文明的挤压，并挖掘了作品独特的积极意义，即潜在的救赎意识。     

Workplace and school microaggressions on anxiety symptoms: The role of cultural values among Hispanic Americans

ObjectivesThis study examined the main and interaction effects of the workplace and school microaggressions and cultural values of cultural pride, familismo, espiritismo, and simpatia on anxiety symptoms among Hispanic Americans.Design266 U.S. Hispanic American college students participated in this cross-sectional survey research. Of the 266 participants, 68% identified as cisgender women; 87% reported English mastery. The reported mean age was 19.92 (SD = 3.07).ResultsTo test whether cultural values moderated the relationship between workplace and school microaggression on anxiety symptoms, we conducted separate interaction models for each interaction term. Findings showed that overall, cultural values and specific values of cultural pride and espiritismo moderated the relationship between workplace and school microaggression on anxiety symptoms. Specifically, the positive relationship between workplace and school microaggression and anxiety symptoms was most robust for Hispanic Americans endorsing greater cultural values and specific values of cultural pride and espiritismo.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Hispanic Americans who closely associate with these cultural values may be more conscious of being othered and marginalized by these microaggressions, which may lead to higher reports of anxiety symptoms. Taken together, our findings suggest that these cultural values may serve as a risk or protective factor in the relationship between workplace and school microaggressions and anxiety symptoms and has implications for vocational interventions.     

基于心理分析的外语教学初探

外语教学不仅要探讨学生学习语言的过程及特点,还要探讨如何提高外语教学实际效果。教与学二者相互渗透、相互影响。兴趣和焦虑等因素对外语学习产生不可忽视的影响。教师应培养学生外语学习兴趣,爱护学生自信心,降低其语言焦虑。     

追问与思索——论当代西北乡土作家的苦难叙述

1990年代以来,随着以城市化和商业化为表征的现代文明对西部乡村生态的整体性冲击,乡村及其中的农民发生了很大变化。当代西北乡土作家们通过对这片特殊地域里的生存苦难和日渐深入的现代化所引起的精神苦难的叙述,表达了对西部乡村现实状态的焦虑,也对现代性进行了深层次的追问与思考。     

Coping with pre- and in-event fluctuations in competitive state anxiety: A longitudinal approach

The direction of anxiety - the positive or negative nature of competition-related cognitions - is an important distinguishing variable that accounts for significant individual differences. However, very little is known about the pre- and in-event patterning of the construct, specifically how it changes over time. The aims of this study were to establish the extent to which the direction of anxiety is a dynamic or stable longitudinal response to stress and whether this patterning appears to be related to coping. Pre-event, state anxiety intensity and direction data were obtained from 22 youth sport participants in two training and two competition environments within the same season, with the in-event anxiety and coping data being obtained from the 'high-stress' competition condition. The predispositional coping strategies of the participants were assessed by use of the trait version of the 'COPE' scale. The findings revealed significant differences in the patterning of anxiety direction between and within the facilitative and debilitative groups. This was accompanied by distinct qualitatively and quantitatively reported differences in the strategies of coping adopted by each group. Facilitators appeared to use problem- and emotion-focused coping characteristics in response to stress, whereas debilitators appeared limited in their use of coping constructs. Conceptually, the direction of anxiety would appear to be a mechanism that may, in itself, exist as a strong indicator that effective coping is taking place.     

The appraisal and management of uncertainty: Implications for information-retrieval systems

Uncertainty is an important idea in information-retrieval (IR) research, but the concept has yet to be fully elaborated and explored. Common assumptions about uncertainty are (a) that it is a negative (anxiety-producing) state and (b) that it will be reduced through information search and retrieval. Research in the domain of uncertainty in illness, however, has demonstrated that uncertainty is a complex phenomenon that shares a complicated relationship with information. Past research on people living with HIV and individuals who have tested positive for genetic risk for different illnesses has revealed that information and the reduction of uncertainty can, in fact, produce anxiety, and that maintaining uncertainty can be associated with optimism and hope. We review the theory of communication and uncertainty management and offer nine principles based on that theoretical work that can be used to influence IR system design. The principles reflect a view of uncertainty as a multi-faceted and dynamic experience, one subject to ongoing appraisal and management efforts that include interaction with and use of information in a variety of forms.     

Impact of a Simulated Stress Training Program on the Tactical Shooting Performance of SWAT Trainees

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To create a high-stress shooting among the crowd (SAC) program and to examine its effectiveness in reducing SWAT trainees’ stress level and their shooting performance in a simulated hostage-rescue situation. Method: After the SAC program was created, it was evaluated using a pretest and posttest experimental design: 98 young male SWAT trainees were randomly divided into experiment and control groups, with the former group trained in hostage rescue, shooting with real persons (high stress), and the latter group trained with “dummy” men (low stress); training for both lasted three days. Their shooting performance was assessed by a tactical shooting test in both high- and low-stress tests in a counterbalanced order, before and after the training, and monitored during the training, as were their stress levels by a set of physical (heart rate [HR] and heart rate recovery time [HRRt]), psychological (salivary cortisol and α-amylase), and self-reported anxiety measures. Results: The SAC program created needed high-stress for hostage rescue situations as reflected in increased physical, psychological, and anxiety scores and reduced shooting performance. Even with short SAC training, SWAT trainees’ capacity in handling high stress and tactical shooting performance were significantly improved. HR, HRRt, and anxiety tests have been found to be effective in monitoring stress and should be a part of future SWAT training. Conclusion: A SAC program involving real people was created, and its effectiveness was confirmed using a pretest and posttest experimental design.     

大学生耐力跑考试焦虑情绪的调查与分析

为分析大学生对800-1000m耐力考试产生焦虑情绪的现状和成因,通过对上海对外贸易学院318名大学生耐力考试焦虑情绪及其影响因素进行了调查,调查结果显示：有82.7%的学生显示出对耐力考试焦虑。针对不同程度的耐力考试焦虑,提出了几种较为科学的耐力跑辅导策略和调节耐力考试焦虑的心理训练方法。