HIV/AIDS-Anxiety among Adolescent Students in Botswana

This research investigated the incidence of HIV/AIDS anxiety among students in Botswana. The sample comprised 240 randomly selected students from six schools in three districts in Botswana, with data collected via a questionnaire. Percentages and Chi-square were used to analyze the extent to which the students were anxious about HIV/AIDS and if there was a significant gender difference in this regard. Findings showed that the students were anxious on several fronts about HIV/AIDS; specifically that they and their relations might contract the virus and that they might lose family members. There was gender difference in terms of anxiety about the possibility that relations might become infected. The role of the counsellor in reducing HIV/AIDS anxiety among students in communities living with HIV/AIDS is discussed.     

何处是“家园”?——上海农民工子弟学校之一瞥

本文通过对上海农民工子弟学校的一些调查,描述了农民工子弟学校的大致历史,分析了"转制"——由"非法"的农民工子弟学校到合法的民办农民工子女学校,给学校和学生两方面所带来的影响,由此思考农民工子弟学校和农民工子女受教育的未来之路,并进一步呈现了农民工子女在城乡之间"漂泊"的焦虑状态,从而提出要从现实制度和城市文化两个层面入手,来寻求问题解决之道。     

大学生焦虑与领悟社会支持关系的研究

探讨领悟社会支持与焦虑的关系，为大学心理健康教育提供帮助。方法：用《领悟社会支持量表》（Perceived social supportscale，PSSS）和《焦虑自评量表》（Self-Rating Anxiety Scale，SAS），对277名大学生进行测查和分析。结果：（1）领悟社会支持能力与焦虑之间呈显著负相关；（2）大学生焦虑与领悟家庭内支持及领悟家庭外支持均呈显著负相关．结论：领悟社会支持能力是影响大学生心理健康状况的重要因素．     

Anxiety,happiness and self-esteem of western Chinese left-behind children

China's unprecedented economic boom has led a massive number of children left-behind by their peasant parents who have immigrated to urban areas in search of work. In current study, we explored how being left behind is associated with children's positive emotions and negative psychological traits by examining the differences in levels of happiness, self-esteem and anxiety between left-behind children (LBC) and non-LBC. A total of 448 students (aged 7–16) from three schools in Sichuan Province in China responded to the questionnaire. Fourteen teachers of LBC were invited to one-to-one interviews for in depth responses to LBC's behaviors and psychological well-being. The results revealed that non-LBC showed a higher level of happiness (t = −0.21, df = 258, p < 0.01) and a lower level of anxiety (t = 1.41, df = 406, p < 0.05) than LBC children. Among LBC, low grade children (primary school grades 3 and 4) reported a lower level of happiness (t = −0.73, df = 216, p <0.01) and self-esteem (t = −0.24, df = 191, p < 0.01) than their older counterparts (primary school grades 5 and 6). The teachers' accounts confirmed the statistical results that LBC suffered from the deprivation of parental care. According to the teachers, as LBC grew older, they developed an understanding of their own circumstances and came to appreciate their parents' decisions. With appropriate and adequate support provided to both LBC and the caretakers around them such as relatives and teachers, it may be possible to reduce the adverse impacts of parental deprivation on LBC.     

The association between five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundChild maltreatment is a global public health issue that encompasses physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the association between these five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders.MethodsPublished cohort and case-control studies were included if they reported associations between any form of child maltreatment (and/or a combination of), and depressive and anxiety disorders. A total of 604 studies were assessed for eligibility, 106 met inclusion criteria, and 96 were included in meta-analyses. The data were pooled in random effects meta-analyses, giving odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each form of child maltreatment.ResultsAll forms of child maltreatment were associated with depressive disorders (any child maltreatment [OR = 2.48, 2.14–2.87]; sexual abuse [OR = 2.11, 1.83–2.44]; physical abuse [OR = 1.78, 1.57–2.01]; emotional abuse [OR = 2.35, 1.74–3.18]; neglect [OR = 1.65, 1.35–2.02]; and exposure to IPV [OR = 1.68, 1.34–2.10]). Several forms of child maltreatment were significantly associated with anxiety disorders (‘any child maltreatment’ [OR = 1.68, 1.33–2.4]; sexual abuse [OR = 1.90, 1.6–2.25]; physical abuse [OR = 1.56, 1.39–1.76]; and neglect [OR = 1.34, 1.09–1.65]). Significant associations were also found between several forms of child maltreatment and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ConclusionsThere is a robust association between five forms of child maltreatment and the development of mental disorders. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) includes only sexual abuse as a risk factor for depressive and anxiety disorders. These findings support the inclusion of additional forms of child maltreatment as risk factors in GBD.     

林道静成长道路上的情爱选择

《青春之歌》具有强烈的自传色彩,讲述了一个小资产阶级知识分子林道静逐渐转变成一个合格共产党员的过程,其中贯穿了她与三个男性的爱情.有必要从心理个性、内心活动变化、创作原型等方面来分析林道静成长路上的情爱选择。     

爱欲情结的萌动与死亡情结的迸发——简析安娜悲剧的内因

安娜爱欲情结的压抑与萌动,造成了安娜内心的恐惧和焦虑.焦虑恐惧与死亡阴影同时出现在安娜的无意识之中,不断地折磨、撕扯着她,最后在安娜心里逐渐形成一种强烈的自毁倾向--死亡情结.这种死亡情结的迸发最终导致安娜选择用死来解脱.安娜无意识中死亡情结的迸发,是导致其悲剧命运不容忽视的原因之一.     

英语网络阅读、焦虑及模糊容忍度的相关性研究

该研究采用了三个不同的量表,收集了109名非英语专业学生的英语测试焦虑、模糊容忍度以及英语网络阅读成绩的有关情况,然后利用社会科学统计软件包SPSS(11.0版本)对所得的原始数据进行处理与分析,所得结论如下:英语测试焦虑、模糊容忍度和阅读理解总成绩之间呈两两显著相关;其中,焦虑与阅读成绩、焦虑与模糊容忍度之间呈显著负相关;模糊容忍度与阅读成绩之间呈显著正相关。     

Self-reported neglect,amygdala volume,and symptoms of anxiety in adolescent boys

Experiences of psychosocial neglect affect the developing brain and may place individuals at increased risk for anxiety. The majority of research in this area has focused on children who have experienced severe psychosocial deprivation; it is not clear whether typical variation in neglect experienced in community samples would have the same neurobiological consequences as those documented in extreme samples. The present study examined the associations among self-reported childhood neglect, amygdala volume, and anxiety symptoms in a community sample of 138 adolescents ages 9–15 years (43% male). Linear mixed modeling yielded a three-way interaction of neglect, sex, and brain hemisphere, reflecting a significant positive association between neglect and right amygdala volume in boys. Additional analyses indicated that right amygdala volume significantly mediated the association between neglect and anxiety symptoms in boys. These findings are consistent with previous reports of larger amygdala volumes in previously institutionalized children, and with documented associations between caregiving deprivation and anxiety symptoms. The results suggest that the effects of childhood neglect on limbic structures are sex-specific and lateralized, and provide support for a neural mechanism relating childhood neglect to later difficulties in emotional functioning.     

转型期的困境与压力——对中国新闻工作者心理焦虑的实证分析

信息数字化时代的来临使今天的新闻工作者处在一个更为复杂的工作环境。本研究通过调查发现,面对工作环境的压力,中国新闻工作者群体普遍存在焦虑情绪,而这种焦虑与从业者的媒介使用、个性特征(认知需求)之间存在关联。从媒介类型来看,网络、广播新闻工作者对个人和所属媒体的前景预期比报纸、电视的新闻工作者明显乐观。