数字化学习资源画面色彩表征影响学习注意的研究

在学习过程中,学习注意是保证学习者对知识信息进一步记忆与深入思考、学习真正发生的重要前提。当前的研究仍有在数字化学习资源画面设计中,对学习注意这一重要影响因素重视不足的问题。数字化学习资源画面色彩表征影响学习注意的“关系模型”,以及促进有效学习注意形成的色彩表征设计的“操作模型”,就是针对这一问题而提出的。“关系模型”提出了数字化学习资源画面色彩表征知识内容形态影响选择性学习注意,色彩表征知识关系形态影响持续性学习注意,色彩表征知识目标形态影响分配性学习注意等观点,并从中推衍出学习注意的“自动加工→序列加工→精细加工”的过程。“操作模型”从促进有效学习注意形成、优化数字化学习资源画面设计的研究视角,提出了“色彩编码设计形式”“色彩线索设计形式”和“色彩信号设计形式”等三种色彩表征设计形式,并通过对色彩表征设计流程的系统梳理,推导出“学习注意类型分析、色彩表征设计形式分析、色彩表征语义设计、色彩表征语用设计、色彩表征语构设计”的设计流程。对数字化学习资源画面的色彩表征设计,影响着学习注意的定位策略、匹配策略和管控策略,这为提升数字化学习效果提供了新思路。     

The Impact of Congenital Deafblindness on the Struggle to Symbolism

Most children who are congenitally deafblind are severely delayed in their communication development and many will not achieve symbolic understanding and expression. This article discusses developmental markers cited in the research literature as predictive of or facilitative of the development of symbolism. These markers include the growth toward more abstract representations, the rate of intentional communication, joint attention to objects and others, achievement of abstract play, consonantal and interactive vocalisations, distal gesture, varied early vocabulary and categories, use of varied cues for recall, object permanence, 1:1 correspondence, cause–effect, discrimination skills, and imitation. The impact of congenital deafblindness on the achievement of these milestones is presented, along with compensatory strategies to support the child’s development.     

Group-based intervention on attention and executive functions in the school context

The objective of the study was to examine the effects of a group-based behavioural, cognitive and skills training intervention (Maltti) provided in schools for elementary school pupils with attention and executive function (EF) deficits. The treatment effects were identified by comparing an intervention group (n = 46) with a waitlist control group (n = 26). Specific effects of the intervention on behavioural deficits in attention and EF in a classroom setting as well as on academic skills were examined. Our analysis indicated that significant intervention effects could be found in the behavioural manifestation of attentional and executive skills in the classroom setting among children (n = 30) who were evaluated as having moderate symptoms in the pre-intervention assessment. Positive effects of the intervention were also observed in arithmetic and reading skills. The severity level of pre-intervention attention and EF deficits did not moderate the results observed in the academic skills tests. The results of this study suggest that a combination of behavioural, cognitive and skills training methods applied in a school context can be effective in reducing attention and EF problems and enhancing the academic performance of children with attention and EF deficits.     

The Schooling Experience of Adolescent Boys with AD/HD: An Australian Case Study

This study explored the experience of schooling of six adolescent boys diagnosed with AD/HD from the perspectives of the boys, their mothers and their teachers. The study utilised social constructionism as the theoretical orientation and the Dynamic Developmental Theory (DDT) of AD/HD as the explanatory framework. Utilising a multiple, instrumental case-study, data were collected by means of semi-structured individual and focus group interviews as well as a review of school reports across a two year period. Findings of the study suggest that taking medication as prescribed together with supporting the students to make and manage friendships, utilising classroom strategies that support learning, and providing an engaging classroom environment are important considerations to promote a positive schooling experience for adolescents with AD/HD.     

电视广告发布方式对受众接受心理的影响

电视广告发布方式可分为插播广告和非插播广告。通过对两者不同的发布方式与特点的分析,我们研究了它对受众接受心理的影响,并对这两种不同的影响在实际到达率、受众认知度和受众心理变化效果上进行了比较。     

基于GRU-Attention机制的高校发明专利质量评估模型研究

为能够快速准确地对高校发明专利质量进行评估,充分考虑专利的文本属性和结构化数据信息,基于深度学习技术构建基于GRU-Attention机制的高校发明专利质量评估模型,并通过引入衡量高校发明专利质量的关键指标及权重信息对初始模型进行改进.经验证,结合专家知识改进后的评估模型在稳定性和准确率上有明显优势,能够为高校发明专利质量评估提供有效的理论和实践支撑.     

Knowledge-guided multi-granularity GCN for ABSA

Aspect-based sentiment analysis aims to determine sentiment polarities toward specific aspect terms within the same sentence or document. Most recent studies adopted attention-based neural network models to implicitly connect aspect terms with context words. However, these studies were limited by insufficient interaction between aspect terms and opinion words, leading to poor performance on robustness test sets. In addition, we have found that robustness test sets create new sentences that interfere with the original information of a sentence, which often makes the text too long and leads to the problem of long-distance dependence. Simultaneously, these new sentences produce more non-target aspect terms, misleading the model because of the lack of relevant knowledge guidance. This study proposes a knowledge guided multi-granularity graph convolutional neural network (KMGCN) to solve these problems. The multi-granularity attention mechanism is designed to enhance the interaction between aspect terms and opinion words. To address the long-distance dependence, KMGCN uses a graph convolutional network that relies on a semantic map based on fine-tuning pre-trained models. In particular, KMGCN uses a mask mechanism guided by conceptual knowledge to encounter more aspect terms (including target and non-target aspect terms). Experiments are conducted on 12 SemEval-2014 variant benchmarking datasets, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed framework.     

Rare-aware attention network for image–text matching

Image and text matching bridges visual and textual modality differences and plays a considerable role in cross-modal retrieval. Much progress has been achieved through semantic representation and alignment. However, the distribution of multimedia data is severely unbalanced and contains many low-frequency occurrences, which are often ignored and cause performance degradation, i.e., the long-tail effect. In this work, we propose a novel rare-aware attention network (RAAN), which explores and exploits textual rare content for tackling the long-tail effect of image and text matching. Specifically, we first design a rare-aware mining module, which contains global prior information construction and rare fragment detector for modeling the characteristic of rare content. Then, the rare attention matching utilizes prior information as attention to guide the representation enhancement of rare content and introduces the rareness representation to strengthen the similarity calculation. Finally, we design prior information loss to optimize the model together with the triplet loss. We perform quantitative and qualitative experiments on two large-scale databases and achieve leading performance. In particular, we conduct 0-shot test for rare content and improve rSum by 21.0 and 41.5 on Flickr30K (155,000 image and text pairs) and MSCOCO (616,435 image and text pairs), demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method for the long-tail effect.     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的学校干预研究回顾

回顾了国内外关于学校开展儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(简称ADHD)干预的研究,对ADHD的治疗和干预研究现状以及学校开展干预的措施进行了总结,其中包括单项干预措施和综合干预措施。最后作出结论,相对其他ADHD干预,学校干预对于改善ADHD学生的人际交往以及提高其学业成绩更具有优势。     

体力活动：ADHD儿童认知功能改善的干预选择

注意缺陷与多动症(ADHD)是儿童常见的行为障碍,患儿通常伴有自我调节障碍与学业困难,其生活品质与社会功能的发展受到极大的消极影响。体力活动对儿童的认知功能有积极影响,可以作为ADHD的干预策略予以应用。ADHD儿童的运动参与干预理论模型及相应的预防机制亟需探索与发展。