社会公平语境中我国城乡群众体育发展的差异与统筹

以社会公平视角审视我国城乡群众体育的发展差异,认为二者当前在体育权利平等与体育机会均等二个方面均存在程度不同的不公平现象,体育公共政策不对称、体育资源配置差异显著、体育权利实现失衡是其集中表现。而城市偏向的经济及政治制度、竞技优先的体育发展战略、城乡居民生产生活方式及受教育水平的差异是造成不公平的主因。据此提出以科学发展观统筹城乡体育,制定城乡群众体育一体化发展规划;改革创新农村体育公共服务产品供给机制,纾缓供求矛盾;发挥城乡各自优势,寻求不同的群众体育发展路径和模式;夯实城乡均衡发展格局的区域支撑(点);加强宣传指导,提高农民体育意识和组织化程度,激发农村体育文化消费需求等统筹发展的对策。     

均衡与非均衡:竞技体育与群众体育发展的理论模式与现实选择

运用文献资料、历史研究、系统分析等研究方法,梳理了新中国成立60多年来竞技体育与群众体育关系的演进历程,分析了阶段性竞技体育与群众体育关系失衡的政治、经济与社会背景,强调指出必须按照科学发展观的要求,调控竞技体育与群众体育的非均衡发展,采取积极有效的措施,促进我国体育事业全面、协调、可持续发展.     

山西省民营企业开展群众性体育活动的现状与发展对策研究

采用文献调研、问卷调查等方法,对山西省民营企业开展群众性体育活动的现状和发展趋势进行调查研究。结果显示,企业职工对参加体育活动的重要性认识不足,锻炼自觉性不高,体育消费意识薄弱;企业领导对全民健身的认识滞后,体育经费投入较少,体育设施和场地建设不足。据此,提出了相应的对策与建议。     

我国群众性体育活动治理问题与完善建议

运用文献资料、案例分析法等,分析我国群众性体育活动治理现状、存在的问题,并提出完善建议。治理现状:群众性体育活动发展迅速,组织者和承办者多元化;地方政府是推动发展的重要力量;建立了初步的法治与政策体系。存在的问题:监管部门权责不清,监管不到位;体育赛事审批取消后未能及时完善相关配套制度;承办者内部管理和专业能力不足;参与者专业能力和风险意识不足;组织者的安全保障义务与应急准备不足。完善建议:明确政府监管职责,实现统一指挥和集合管理;制定行业标准,健全体育产业制度;承办单位要严格工作流程,完善内部治理;强化参赛者的专业能力和风险意识;强化赛事安全保障,充分做好应急准备工作。     

上海市大学生体质指数(BMI)的分布特征

运用Huber提出的Fa=(1-a)F1-aF2正态分布族拟合，并采用位点分析和男、女生的比较分析，揭示上海市大学生体质指数(BMI)的分布特征。即上海市大学生的体质指数(BMI)曲线呈“细峰右尾”型，大部分分布在18．5—24的标准之间，但由于不合理的饮食结构与生活方式，致使出现相当数量的超重或肥胖的学生，且男生的BMI值高于女生。     

传媒风险传播的理论困境分析

从新闻传播的规律角度分析,传媒在传播风险时面临着理论困境,即新闻(预测性报道、新闻策划)事实的先发性这一新闻传播的普遍规律导致了传媒在传播风险时的必然"迟到",而风险的潜在性与新闻显著性之间的矛盾、传媒自身特性等问题必然会使传媒在风险社会中充当"报警"而不是"预警"的角色.     

体育运动的大众传播学研究

利用传播学的理论简要分析体育运动的传播特点,体育媒体的传播学分析方法和研究手段。初步研究我国体育运动的传播理论和体育媒体的传播效果。提出体育运动的发展应积极、合理的利用大众传播媒体。     

新疆群众体育场地设施投资问题的探究

从新疆第五次体育场地普查出发,采用文献资料法、逻辑方法、数理统计等研究方法,对新疆群众体育设施的投资状况分别从政策、行业本身的内在因素进行分析,指出目前新疆对群众体育场馆设施投资方面存在的问题,以探寻对开发群众体育场地资源投资的对策。     

Development and use of one-dimensional models of a golf ball

One-dimensional models of a golf ball are useful in modelling near-normal (90°) impact. The model described here has two masses connected by a non-linear spring in parallel with a non-linear damper. The behaviour of this system in collision with an infinite rigid mass is compared with the results of tests involving real golf balls. Values of the four unknown constants are found by fitting the model results, over a range of impact speeds from zero to 50 m· s -1 , to the coefficient of restitution and duration of contact found in the tests. The simplest model (Model 1) was a good fit for duration of contact over the whole range of impact speeds, but for the coefficient of restitution only at high speed (above 20 m· s -1 ). However, when used with a similar model of a flexible faced club, the simple model predicted the coefficient of restitution of the club-ball combination, determined by direct testing, quite well and as such is a useful screening tool. More complicated Models 2 and 3 fitted the rigid target coefficients of restitution better at low speed than Model 1. However, Models 2 and 3 have other disadvantages and are no better than Model 1 for high-speed impact with flexible faced clubs.     

Energy turnover during 24 hours and 6 days of adventure racing

Abstract

Energy turnover was assessed in two conditions of mixed ultra-endurance exercise. In Study 1, energy expenditure and intake were measured in nine males in a laboratory over 24 h. In Study 2, energy expenditure was assessed in six males during an 800-km Adventure race (mean race time 152.5 h). Individual correlations between heart rate and oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O₂) were established during pre-tests when kayaking, cycling, and running. During exercise, energy expenditure was estimated from continuous heart rate recordings. Heart rate and [Vdot]O₂ were measured regularly during fixed cycling work rates to correct energy expenditure for drift in oxygen pulse. Mean energy expenditure was 18,050 ± 2,390 kcal (750 ± 100 kcal · h^?1) and 80,000 ± 18,000 kcal (500 ± 100 kcal · h^?1) in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively, which is higher than previously reported. Energy intake in Study 1 was 8,450 ± 1,160 kcal, resulting in an energy deficit of 9,590 ± 770 kcal. Body mass decreased in Study 1 (?2.3 ± 0.8 kg) but was unchanged in Study 2. Fat mass decreased in Study 2 (?2.3 ± 1.5 kg). In Study 1, muscle glycogen content decreased by only 60%. Adventure racing requires a high energy expenditure, with large inter-individual variation. A large energy deficit is caused by inadequate energy intake, possibly due to suppressed appetite and gastrointestinal problems. The oxygen pulse, comparing start to 12 h of exercise and beyond, increased by 10% and 5% in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively. Hence, estimations of energy expenditure from heart rate recordings should be corrected according to this drift.