对新生儿性别比偏高治理的思考

通过介绍我国人口政策的演变过程及开展计划生育工作以来我国新生儿性别比升高的基本状况,分析新生儿性别比长期偏高可能产生的严重后果并提出防止新生儿性别比偏高的控制措施.     

The role of the Support and Attention to Diversity Teacher (SADT) from a community-based perspective: Promoting educational success and educational inclusion for all

This article addresses the transformation of the role of the Support and Attention to Diversity Teacher (SADT), traditionally called special education faculty. The results are from a qualitative study in three inclusive preschool and elementary schools in Catalonia, Spain. The results demonstrate a transformation in the role of the SADT that mobilizes teachers, specialists and diverse agents in the community to join the work of educational support. The transformation of the SADT role fosters an improvement in the attention and learning of children in the classroom, and existing resources are optimized in collaboration with the entire educative community.     

Quantitative insights into televised birth: a content analysis of One Born Every Minute

This article explores birth representations through a content analysis of two seasons of the U.K. program, One Born Every Minute (OBEM) (Channel 4, 2010–). Reality television (RTV) has been a fertile ground for the mediation of birth, but has also stoked controversy among feminist critics and the birth community about how birth is represented and the impacts this might have for women and society. International research has explored problematic over-representation of white, heterosexual couples, as well as noting a predominance of medicalized birth experiences. However, this research is formed largely of qualitative studies that are necessarily based on small samples of episodes. To contribute to this literature, we apply a quantitative and interdisciplinary lens through a content analysis of two seasons of the U.K. version of OBEM. Paying attention to the geographical and temporal context of OBEM, this article confirms over-representation of white, heterosexual couples and medicalized birth on RTV birth shows while also providing novel insights into the ambiguous representation of birthplace and lead caregivers, the medicalization of birth through the routinization of supposedly minor birth interventions, and the absence of the representation of women’s choice over such interventions.     

Sibship composition,birth order and education: Evidence from Vietnam

This paper examines the effects of sibship composition and birth order on the school enrolment and educational attainment of children, using data from the Vietnam Population and Housing Census 2009. Utilizing an instrumental variable estimation method to address the endogeneity of sibship size, we find that it has a significant, negative effect on child education. Examining the impact of sibling sex composition, we find that having an additional boy lowers children’s average educational attainment for both girls and boys. We establish that birth order has a significant, negative effect on child educational attainment, although that effect seems to vanish with the youngest sibling. Our findings have several policy implications. First, the negative effect of sibship size on education implies that Vietnam’s lower fertility rate, the result of family planning policy during the 1990s and 2000s, may contribute to its remarkable educational achievements. Second, we find that birth order and sibling sex composition are more important than sibship size in children’s educational outcomes. As parents disproportionately allocate more resources for boys and earlier born children, government-targeted programs should tackle those issues to provide equal school opportunities for all children.     

Serum ionised calcium in birth asphyxia

Serum total and ionised calcium levels were measured at birth and at 48 hours in 25 term neonates with birth asphyxia (one minute APGAR score of 6 or less) and in 25 normal term neonates (one minute APGAR score of 7 or more). Infants were categorised into two groups TAGA (term appropriate for gestational age) and TSGA (term small for gestational age). Asphyxiated infants had significantly lower serum total and ionised calcium values at birth as well as at 48 hours. Abnormal clinical features were observed in 48% of asphyxiated infants. Low ionised calcium was detected in symptomatic babies, who had otherwise normal total calcium values. Due to hyocalcemia especially ionised calcium in asphyxiated infants and high frequency of functional derangement associated with this hypocalcemioa, serial monitoring of serum isonised calcium levels is necessary.     

Generational gaps in attitudes toward migrants: Hong Kong and Shanghai in comparison

Previous studies documented inconsistent findings of cohort differences in attitudes toward migrants. Some research has shown that younger people tend to be more welcoming toward migrants compared to older people; however, other research has shown the opposite. This suggests that the way different generations perceive migrants may depend on the specific local contexts in which they live. In this paper, we compared attitudes toward migrants in Hong Kong and Shanghai under the “one country, two systems” framework, using comparable data from the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics and Shanghai Urban Neighborhood Survey. We found a sharp contrast in the attitudes toward migrants between Hong Kong and Shanghai. Compared to older people, young people in Shanghai were more friendly to migrants, yet young people in Hong Kong were more resistant to migrants. Our study identified disparities of generational gaps in attitudes toward migrants of the same ethnicity within one country. The relatively more positive attitudes toward migrants of younger cohorts (compared to people born before 1960) in Shanghai could be explained by educational level and life satisfaction. The relatively more negative attitudes toward migrants in Hong Kong could be explained by identity. Our empirical analyses suggest that local contexts matter in explaining generational gaps in attitudes toward migrants.     

二维路面不平度影响下的汽车质量分配系数研究

针对汽车理论中尚无整车质量分配系数研究的缺憾,考虑垂向和侧向路面激励的复合影响,以14个自由度整车传统物理模型为背景,对簧载质量进行空间动力学分析,借助4个轮系方位与簧载质量质心处的运动学关系,研究车体垂直、侧向、俯仰角、侧倾角和横摆角这五种运动,进而推导得到整车悬架与4个1/4悬架系统间的动力耦合定量关系,发展与完善汽车质量分配系数理论,并为今后汽车悬架系统振动控制、转向与操纵系统平稳性的研究提供新的视角与思路。     

Job satisfaction patterns of scientists and engineers by status of birth

The latest figures published by the Science and Engineering Indicators report reveals that in 2003, 33% of faculty in science and engineering departments at research universities were foreign-born, a number that has more than doubled in thirty years. Foreign-born faculty members comprise an important part of the scientific enterprise that has been understudied. The purpose of this study is to examine the job satisfaction patterns of scientists and engineers by status of birth using a very large and comprehensive National Science Foundation (NSF) dataset, the Survey of Doctoral Recipients (SDR). The results of the study indicate that foreign-born scientists and engineers are less satisfied in several areas of their work life as compared to their US-born peers.     

论中国武术劲力的形成及效果

为了明确武术中“劲”的内涵,正确认识力与劲的关系,以及劲的形成过程、要求与分类和劲的效果具有重要意义。文章运用文献资料法、实践测试法、专家访谈法和综合分析法,对武术中劲力的形成及效果进行研究。研究表明：力是可以转化成劲的,而劲是力的高级形式,其产生的效果是十分可怕的,倡议在各种类型的武术比赛、交流中,展现中国武术中劲的神奇效果。     

出生类型对湖羊羔羊体重变化的影响

目的:研究出生类型及性别对湖羊羔羊体重生长发育规律的影响.方法:将 133只湖羊羔羊按照出生类型(单羔、双羔、三羔、四羔)和性别的不同,测定羔羊初生重、二月龄重、四月龄重及六月龄重,分别计算累积生长、绝对生长和相对生长.结果表明,公、母羔的累积生长、绝对生长和相对生长在不同出生类型下存在不同程度的差异;在同一出生类型的公羔和母羔之间的累积生长、绝对生长和相对生长也存在差异,且各阶段公羔羊的体重大于母羔羊.结论:出生类型及性别对湖羊羔羊体重生长发育规律有明显影响.