我国健身健美操科学研究的现状与走向

运用文献资料法,对1 986～2002年间我国健身健美操研究论文的总体分布及其研究的主要内容和方法进行了统计分析,了解目前我国健身健美操科学研究的现状及存在问题.研究结果表明:十几年来主要研究的内容是健身健美操健身和提高身体素质的效果,而对音乐、动作创编、教学、心理、现状及趋势的研究较少;在研究方法上定性研究较多;定量研究较少.今后的发展趋势为:对不同强度与时间组合的健身健美操形式的健身效果研究;对具有不同特征的对象的健身效果的对比研究.     

教学训练审美教育初探

从体育教学训练的角度，对审美教育的任务、相互关系和实施途径等方面进行了初步探索，旨在揭示教学训练审美教育的特殊规律以及实施的必要性和可行性。     

女童乳房提前发育与血浆FSH、PRL、E_2等激素关系的研究及在体育选材中的意义

女童乳房提前发育与血浆ＦＳＨ、ＰＲＬ、Ｅ＿２等激素关系的研究及在体育选材中的意义吴明方（苏州大学２１５００６）ＯｎｔｈｅＲｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＥａｒｌｙＢｒｅａｓｔＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＹｏｕｎｇＧｉｒｌｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒＳｅｒｕ...     

从“体医结合”到“体医融合”的内涵、困境与路径研究

“体医结合”到“体医融合”的核心是摸索一条体育与医疗深度融会贯通的道路,其目的是响应健康中国战略的推进,将体育锻炼方式和医疗技术手段有机融合,提升社会公民的健康水平和身体素质,减少医疗资源的占用,缓解巨额的医疗财政开支。本文主要运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法叙述从“体医结合”到“体医融合”的现状并解析及其内涵,从理论体系、人才培养、资源配置、监管体系四个方面深入探究其处于过渡时期理念捆绑和实践脱节导致进展缓慢的困境;主要研究路径分别为理论体系上推进“五位一体”建设,以技术、理念、策略、价值、资源融合为载体;服务及资源上实施“供给侧”转型,平衡区域体育健康资源布局,实行社会参与机制,推行区域内体医融合示范区建;人才培养上落实“求同存异”方案,培养高素质复合型人才;监管体系上加强政策导引,达到顶层设计目的,使“体医结合”通过合适的路径升华到“体医融合”。     

Relationship between weight status and cognition in children: A mediation analysis of physical fitness components

ABSTRACT

Cross-sectional study aimed to analyse differences in cognitive performance across fitness components categories (cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF], speed-agility and muscular fitness [MF]) and weight status in children, and to determine whether physical fitness mediates the association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive performance. Fitness components and BMI were measured using standard procedures in 630 children aged 5-to-7 years from the provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real, Spain. BADyG was used to assess cognitive performance. We used ANCOVA models to test mean differences in cognition scores by BMI and fitness categories. Hayes’s PROCESS macro was used for mediation analyses. Children with normal weight scored better in spatial factor and general intelligence than their overweight/obese peers (p < 0.05), but differences were attenuated when controlling for CRF (p > 0.05). Children with better results in CRF and speed-agility scored better in all cognitive dimensions even after controlling for BMI (p < 0.05). Similarly, children with high MF obtained better scores in verbal factor (p < 0.05). All fitness components acted as mediators of the relationship between BMI and general intelligence (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the crucial role of fitness in minimising the negative effect of excess weight on children’s cognition.

Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index; CRF: Cardiorespiratory fitness; MF: Muscular fitness; BADyG E1: Battery of general and differential aptitudes; SES: Socioeconomic status; SD: Standard deviation; IE: Indirect effect     

高校女生身体意象的现状调查

采用问卷调查法对高校女生身体意象的现状进行调查,结果显示：高校女生身体形态基本正常,趋于偏瘦体形;高校女生对自己的外表评价为偏负向的态度,在肥胖焦虑程度上较低;绝大多数高校女生主观上将自己的体重归于＂肥胖＂之列;高校女生对身体各部位基本满意,其中最满意的部位集中在面部,最不满意的部位集中在下部.高校女生理想体形与实际体形之间存在显著差异,理想体形明显瘦于实际体形.     

当代俄罗斯宪法的私有财产保护模式分析

文章通过对俄罗斯宪法精神的变化和基本原则的揭示,阐明了当代俄罗斯宪法对私有财产的保护模式——私有财产上自由与义务的模式,分别介绍了私有财产保护的自由方面和义务方面,并结合俄罗斯联邦宪法法院的司法实践说明俄罗斯宪法法院在履行俄罗斯宪法对私有财产保护方面的作用和机制。     

权威?隐私?责任?正义——美国公民教育中心公民教材述要及评析

美国公民教育中心编写的公民教材每学段分为四册,分别以美国政府宪政模式中的四种基本观念——“权威”、“隐私”、“责任”和“正义”为主题,深入阐述了美国联邦宪法的精神,其教学目标是向学生传授维护美国民主政治所必备的知识、技能和价值观.美国宪法教育的成功经验,对进一步加强我国中小学的宪法教育,培养社会主义核心价值观,具有思想和方法上的双重借鉴作用.     

‘You do it in your own particular way.’ Physical education,gender and (dis)ability

The aim of this article was to explore, from a gender perspective, how young sporting women with physical impairments experience physical education (PE), and which strategies they use to manage situations that arise in the everyday interaction in connection with those lessons. Phenomenology provides a theoretical framework that includes the body. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with the women, aged 15–28. In addition, semi-structured interviews were held with three boys, aged between 10 and 15, and with one male coach. Those latter interviews are used in the article as material for comparison. The young women had a strong aspiration to appear normal. However, in relation to PE, the participants highlighted issues dealing with experiences of exclusion and special treatment. It appeared to be difficult for teachers to see these women as the sports-interested youths that they were. The young women used different strategies of resistance. Some of them did not participate in certain aspects of PE, or chose to quit the whole course. To receive a higher grade, another participant showed the teacher her medals from the Swedish national swimming championship, thus stressing her competence. When the women finally described the stigmatization that they had been subjected to, they avoided positioning themselves as victims, by downplaying the seriousness of a discriminatory situation or by using in the interview the word ‘we’ instead of ‘I’, thus describing the incident in collective terms. Previous research supports the suggestion that the students’ opportunities to show their capacities and strength during PE are dependent on the students’ gender. While one of the boys and a male coach gave examples of experiences of more inclusive PE, with a potential to challenge the able-bodied norm within the subject, the gender norm remained unquestioned.     

Feeling bad can be good?: audience research on Korean reality makeover shows,Get It Beauty and The Body Show

This paper investigates the feelings of individuals who have been exposed to the continuous demands for managing and beautifying the body. Through audience research on Korean reality shows about body/beauty, Get It Beauty and The Body Show, we attempt to understand how the discourses of body care work at the individual level. Our interviewees’ feelings of being stressed, burdened, and annoyed about the discourses in the shows signify their (un)conscious acknowledgment of the false promises of the self-care rhetoric. However, the discourses of willpower and the embedded voyeuristic pleasure of watching the shows make it difficult to place such feelings in the public domain. We conclude that individuals’ feelings lose their potential as resistant voices when “feeling bad” is discounted as personal, while a feeling of individual achievement is excessively celebrated.