The Breasts of Virgins: Sexual Reputation and Young Women’s Bodies in Medieval Culture and Society

Many medical texts of the European Middle Ages included advice to young women on breast reduction. These recipes and techniques have not often been discussed by medieval historians, whose interest in meanings of women’s breasts has concentrated mostly on religious or nutritive associations. Highlighting late medieval English texts and culture, this article summarises medical advice on repressing breast growth, notes some ancient and earlier medieval precedents and argues the recipes responded not only to aesthetic preferences but also to beliefs that bust size and texture signified sexual experience. Arguing that breasts were legible flesh, in which an observer could read a young woman’s honour, it contends that breast suppression not only met idealised beauty standards but also protected sexual reputations.     

‘Christian Patriotism’ and Physical Education in Pre-Revolutionary France: The Royal Military School in Sorèze in the Eighteenth Century

The Ecole Royale Militaire of Soreze (Royal Military School) was located in the French province of Languedoc. On the eve of the 1789 Revolution it was still a religious institution run by the Benedictine monks, known for having broken with certain traditional models. The establishment offered special forms of instruction, stressing certain scientific and literary disciplines, and also physical education (fencing, dancing, horse riding, and equestrianism). Pupils’ best results were also recorded in swimming. At the end of every school year, all the results were confirmed by public examinations, labelled Exercices publics, and recorded in the Cahiers d’exercices. These materials enable the reconstruction the evolution of the school’s programmes over a period of more than a century. The incalculable richness of Sorèze’s programmes, by distinguishing the elements already present in the military training of the period from the pedagogical innovations that were introduced, demonstrate the special place that was reserved for physical exercise. This Catholic institution was thus able to develop a total coherence of the scholarly programme, considered as a source of ‘Christian Patriotism’, in pre-Revolutionary France.     

Bone mass in girls according to their BMI,VO2 max,hours and years of practice

The accumulation of bone mass during puberty is related with bone health in adulthood. This accumulation is influenced by diverse factors such as body mass index (BMI), maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max), hours of training and years of sport practice. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyse the influence of these variables on bone mass in young female athletes. The sample is formed of 120 healthy girls with ages between 9 and 13 (11.32?±?1.6?years old), divided into two groups depending on their BMI, VO₂ max, hours of training and years of sport practice. The participants completed a series of tests to evaluate level of sexual development, body composition (fat mass, lean mass and bone mass) and physical condition. The results show higher values of total lean mass, total fat mass and percentage of body fat in the groups with higher BMI in prepubertal girls and pubertal girls (p?2 max, in the prepubertal group, girls with lower VO₂ max had higher values of total fat mass (p?p?2 max also showed a higher total fat mass (p?相似文献   

田径课教学中健身手段与方法考核办法初探

通过对体育专业教育的田径普修考试办法改革,旨在重视田径健身手段与方法的教学,提高田径教学质量,全面实现培养目标。     

论运动训练中身体状态的调整过程

参加运动时的良好身体状态，除了能为运动员创造高水平成绩打下基础外，也能有效地减小运动损伤的可能性。现在，无论是运动训练专家还是教练员们都同样认识到，不适宜的身体状态是运动损伤的主要原因之一。肌纤维的分布不均衡，不合理的时机掌握等，都是由神经肌肉之间的不协调联系所引起的。不合理的肌力分布或者心血管状况、不合理的肌肉体积、柔韧度以及与身体组成成分有关的问题是一些运动损伤的基本原因，这些都不利于正常的身体状态和运动训练。     

低氧对体成分及骨骼肌蛋白质分解代谢的影响

了解低氧和运动对体成分及骨骼肌蛋白质分解代谢的影响，对了解肌肉收缩性能的变化有着重要的意义。为此，本文综合阐述了反映蛋白分解代：谢的一些指标及变化规律和意义，并重点介绍了低氧对体重、体成分、骨骼肌质量的影响，以及它们与蛋白分解代谢的关系，对高原训练有相当的参考价值。     

艺术体操在我校普修课中开展的现状调查与分析

通过对首都体育学院艺术体操课开展的现状进行调查,了解学生对此项目的认知程度,以及艺术体操在教学过程中的教育与健身功能,以便于教师更好的开展教学活动,提高教学质量     

试论提高篮球策应队员的身体素质

篮球策应队员要想发挥出自己最大的潜力，必须加强耐力、快速反应能力和灵活性、弹跳力、协调性以及力量素质训练，本文试从发展这五项身体素质的科学性和具体操作进行阐述和研究。     

高校形体训练教学中如何激发学生的学习热情

形体训练主要通过体型练习和体态练习达到形体美的目的,其主要内容是人体运动系统的灵活性、控制力和形体表现力等基本素质训练。在教学过程中,反复的基本功训练往往会使学生产生厌倦心理。教师只有以学生为主体,大胆创新,不断改进教学方法,提高教学艺术,才能激发学生的学习热情。     

工科院校流体力学实验教学内容和方法的实践探索——以中国石油大学(北京)流体力学实验室为例

流体力学是工科院校重要的专业基础课,其中的实验教学在巩固理论知识、培养实践能力和增强研究创新等方面发挥着重要作用。本文从合格人才培养出发,分析工科院校流体力学实验教学内容与方法上存在的问题。介绍了中国石油大学(北京)流体力学实验室在实验内容设计、学科交叉关联、实践应用转化、前沿技术渗透等方面进行的实验教学探索,为培养新时代的科技创新人才提供参考。