女大学生形体课程教学模式的刍议

高校女大学生形体课程教学过程中的问题较为突出。为了改善形体教学的现状,必须对高校形体课程教学进行全面的规划与设计,改善女大学生形体,提高她们的审美意识,将形体练习延伸到学生的生活之中,突出整体气质美的考核原则,为培养高雅气质的知识女性服务。     

乒乓球运动中人体重心移动的力学研究

乒乓球运动中运用任何步法移动都遵循一定的力学规律,在利用重力作用下人体主动发力运动,主要呈现了跳动移动、平移移动、降移移动三种形式的移动,不同的移动遵循不同的力学规律,表现出不同的运动轨迹,并直接影响着移动效率和移动效果。     

Normative fat-free mass index values for a diverse sample of collegiate female athletes

The purpose of this study was to establish normative fat-free mass index (FFMI) ranges in collegiate female athletes. A sample of 266 female athletes (Mean±SD; Age: 19.7 ± 1.5 yrs, Height: 166.0 ± 6.4 cm, Weight: 63.2 ± 8.8 kg) were included in analyses. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured bone mineral content (BMC; kg) and lean mass (LM; kg). Fat-free mass index was calculated as follows: FFMI = (BMC + LM)/Height². Participants were classified by sport: cross-country (XC), field hockey, football, gymnastics, lacrosse, resistance-trained, swimming track. Mean, range and percentile ranks of FFMI were calculated for the full sample for each cohort. For all females, mean FFMI was 16.9 ± 1.7 kg/m², FFMI values ranged from 13.3 to 25.5 kg/m². The XC athletes had the lowest FFMI (15.3 ± 0.96 kg/m²; p < 0.001). Mean FFMI measures were similar between all other female athletes. Percentile ranks varied across sport; median FFMI was highest for football (18.0 kg/m²), lowest for XC (15.1 kg/m²) and ranged between 16.4 and 17.3 kg/m² for all other athletes. Establishing sport-specific FFMI values for female athletes may be beneficial for athletes and coaches by leading to more appropriate body composition goals based on FFM.     

‘Strong is the new skinny’: navigating fitness hype among teenagers in northern Sweden

An increased interest in health, diet, and physical activity exist among young people, in this study termed ‘fitness hype’. Viewing the body and health as commodities can be understood as part of a healthism discourse. In this study, we explored how Swedish high school students perceive and negotiate the trend regarding exercise, diet and body ideals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten high school students, aged 16–18 years, from various educational programs and with varying levels of physical activity. Using qualitative content analysis, we developd one overarching theme navigating life satisfaction in the face of an ‘unhealthy fitness hype’. Four additional, interrelated categories showed how the young people negotiated this developing trend through: (1) the quest for social recognition and value, (2) social media sets the standards, (3) the paradox of strong and skinny as the new standard, and (4) the need for new safety nets. Our results highlight the young people’s perceptions of an excessive and influential focus on health and exercise in contemporary society. They described a fitness hype as exorbitant and unhealthy ideals of body and exercise, and understood this as problematic. Social media was seen as contributing to this hype as a powerful arena for ‘the quest for social recognition and value’. While not all the young people felt negatively affected by the fitness hype, they perceived its influence on their lives. Further, body and fitness ideals were gendered. Teenage girls faced the paradox of shaping themselves as ‘strong and skinny’. Social ties were recognized as an important safety net, particularly classmates, sports mates, and coaches. Knowledge of these problems from the perspective of young people is crucially needed among health professionals and educators. Further research should explore additional support strategies, and young people’s experiences of fitness hype among additional youth groups.     

Gendered performances and identity construction among UK female soccer players and netballers: a comparative study

This paper examines the gendered performances and identity construction of UK female University soccer players and netballers (n?=?31). Focus group interviews explored their sporting experiences with reference to body perceptions, and perceptions of their sporting bodies outside sporting contexts. Three themes resulted from data analysis, these being; (1) UK culture, body performances and femininity, (2) sporting culture, body performances and femininity and (3) transiency of body satisfaction across sport and non-sport contexts. Findings suggest that sport may not always provide an opportunity to challenge and resist dominant discourses. In both netball and soccer, a range of surveillance and management practices were used that served to perpetuate the value of a ‘feminine’ and assumed heterosexual body, and legitimize their sport participation through an emphasis on a hyper-femininity. The influence of sport subcultures on gendered performances and identity construction, along with implications for marketing sports participation to women are discussed.     

Individualised dietary strategies for Olympic combat sports: Acute weight loss,recovery and competition nutrition

Olympic combat sports separate athletes into weight divisions, in an attempt to reduce size, strength, range and/or leverage disparities between competitors. Official weigh-ins are conducted anywhere from 3 and up to 24?h prior to competition ensuring athletes meet weight requirements (i.e. have ‘made weight’). Fighters commonly aim to compete in weight divisions lower than their day-to-day weight, achieved via chronic and acute manipulations of body mass (BM). Although these manipulations may impair health and absolute performance, their strategic use can improve competitive success. Key considerations are the acute manipulations around weigh-in, which differ in importance, magnitude and methods depending on the requirements of the individual combat sport and the weigh-in regulations. In particular, the time available for recovery following weigh-in/before competition will determine what degree of acute BM loss can be implemented and reversed. Increased exercise and restricted food and fluid intake are undertaken to decrease body water and gut contents reducing BM. When taken to the extreme, severe weight-making practices can be hazardous, and efforts have been made to reduce their prevalence. Indeed some have called for the abolition of these practices altogether. In lieu of adequate strategies to achieve this, and the pragmatic recognition of the likely continuation of these practices as long as regulations allow, this review summarises guidelines for athletes and coaches for manipulating BM and optimising post weigh-in recovery, to achieve better health and performance outcomes across the different Olympic combat sports.     

身体难度动作练习对艺术体操学生平衡能力的影响

核心力量是完成艺术体操技术的基础,艺术体操身体难度动作的完成质量是评价艺术体操学生成绩优异的标准,本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法,从身体难度动作方面探讨核心力量对艺术体操学生平衡能力影响的理论研究分析,研究结果表明:艺术体操评分规则围绕“难度”为突破口,以不断提高难度分值、难度数量和难度级别为主,通过加强的核心肌群可以更好并更精确地保持有序的舒缩活动,更有力量和耐力支撑骨,维持姿势、动作和保持平衡,从而提高身体的平衡能力。     

健美运动训练高原期探因

通过文献资料、建模实验、调查研究等方法,对健美训练中出现的肌肉生长迟缓期——训练高原期进行分析研究,从中发现采用半程大重量训练法,提高饮食中脂肪含量的摄入量和注重足够数量的维生素摄入量,是加快肌肉生长、摆脱训练高原期的有效途径     

用心率指标调控运动强度发展心血管系统的教学研究

通过教学实验研究,教会学生用心率指标调控运动强度的方法,指导学生运用运动强度的方法对心血管系统进行锻练,使学生的健身锻练取得良好效益,进而增强体质、增进健康。     

关于中国男篮身体对抗能力的研究

运用文献资料法、录相观察法、访谈法,对中国男篮在国际大赛中表现出来的身体对抗能力进行分析研究,提出了提高中国男篮身体对抗能力的一些建议,为促进中国男篮的发展提供参考。