古代形神问题的系统解读——兼论“心之官则思”的科学性

古代形神或身心问题是小系统与大系统、低层次与高层次之间的关系问题。优化和调整人的心理结构可以促成创造性思维形成的观点是证明“心之官则思”科学性的逻辑基础。不能一面承认心理结构是形成思维活动的基础,一面又否认“心之官则思”的科学性;其实,二者在本质内容上是一致的。对“心之官则思”的科学解读,标志着用系统方法研究形神问题的成功。     

理论力学课程思政建设的探索和实践

理论力学是所有工科专业的力学基础课,课程思政是落实教书育人的重要途径。通过理论力学课程思政建设,将专业知识和哲学思想相结合,将课堂教学和网络资源相结合,充分调动学生主动参与课程学习的积极性,引导他们提出问题并思考解决方法,培养学生的科学思维、科学精神和科学素养。     

Mediating effects of bullying involvement on the relationship of body mass index with social phobia,depression, suicidality,and self-esteem and sex differences in adolescents in Taiwan

The aims of this study were to examine the mediating effect of bullying involvement on the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and mental health problems, including social phobia, depression, suicidality, and low self-esteem among adolescents in Taiwan. The moderation effect of sex on the mediating role of bullying involvement was also examined. Five thousand two hundred and fifty-two students of high schools completed the questionnaires. Victimization and perpetration of passive and active bullying were assessed using the Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire. BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height measurements. The Social Phobia Inventory, the Mandarin Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, the suicidality-related questionnaire from the epidemiological version of the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were applied to assess social phobia, depression, suicidality, and low self-esteem, respectively. The mediating effect of bullying involvement on the associations between increased BMI and mental health problems was examined by the Sobel test. The moderation effect of sex on the mediating role of bullying involvement was tested by the multiple-group structural equation model. Victimization of passive and active bullying and perpetration of passive bullying, but not perpetration of active bullying, had a mediating effect on the relationships between increased BMI and all four mental health problems. Sex did not have a significant moderation effect on the mediating role of bullying involvement. Bullying involvement should be a target of prevention and intervention in developing a strategy to improve mental health among adolescents with increased BMI.     

论舒斯特曼身体美学的特征

舒斯特曼身体美学的提出,既为当下美学研究开辟了一条新路径,也是对当代学术界身体研究热潮的一种回应。其不仅改变了传统哲学中身体的地位,将身体与心灵统一,而且还勇于打破学科界限,将身体置于全部人类学科广阔视野来重新认识,从而将身体作为审美经验核心,通过对身体经验的塑造和改善来达到生命的完满。舒斯特曼的身体美学暗示了身体自身的整体性存在,更阐明了身体与人、与环境、与社会、与宇宙的整体性存在。     

Bodies,Meanings and Movement: A Comparison of the Language of a Physical Education Lesson and a Feldenkrais Movement Class

In Western societies since (and probably before) Descartes, the human body has been objectified and alienated from the self, something to be subdued, managed and more recently worked upon as symbol of self-value. Sport and exercise are sites where the objectification of the body has been traditionally promoted. In recent times with the scientisation of elite sport and the commodification of bodies in sport, the objectification of the body has taken new forms and achieved greater prominence. Physical education as the school site for body work has been implicated in the process of objectification and alienation. The traditional practices of physical education, including choices in teacher language, position bodies as objects, and movement as an instrumental outcome of practice. Not all movement practices, however, subscribe to this approach. This paper will compare the language practices of teachers in a physical education lesson and a Feldenkrais movement class as these constitute different forms of embodiment, different selves. Its purpose is to provide further resources for critical reflection on the ways in which pedagogical practices position students and contribute to the shaping of particular forms of subjectivity.     

Changes in angular momentum during the tennis serve

Three-dimensional cinematography and the direct linear transformation method were used to obtain the coordinates of the landmarks of five right-handed collegiate tennis players. A 15-segment model was used to calculate the total body angular momentum about three orthogonal axes (X, parallel to the baseline; Y, normal to baseline and pointing towards the net; and Z, pointing upwards) passing through the centre of mass and to obtain the segmental contribution of the trunk, arms and legs. Most of the clockwise angular momentum about the X-axis was concentrated in the trunk and the racket-arm. Between the events of maximum external rotation and ball impact, the clockwise angular momentum about the X-axis of rotation of most body segments was reduced and the racket-arm gained clockwise angular momentum. The body angular momentum about the Y-axis of rotation had two distinct patterns and was the result of the lateral rotation of the trunk as the racket shoulder was elevated in preparation for impact. This body angular momentum was clockwise from the event of maximum external rotation to impact for the players with the greatest ball speed, whereas it was counterclockwise for the other players. The angular momentum about the Z-axis of rotation was small and lacked a consistent pattern. The largest source of angular momentum in the tennis serve derives from the remote angular momentum about the X- and Y-axes of rotation, which are then transferred from the trunk to the racket-arm and finally to the racket. Near impact, most of the angular momentum (75.1%) was concentrated in the racket-arm. Of the angular momentum of the racket-arm, the largest percentages were concentrated in the racket (35.9%) and the forearm segment (25.7%).     

Ad libitum fluid intakes and thermoregulatory responses of female distance runners in three environments

Ad libitum fluid intakes and thermoregulatory responses were compared in eight female marathon runners during a 30 km treadmill run at individual best marathon race pace (range = 2.45-4.07 m·s -1 ) under three wet bulb globe temperature conditions (25°C, 17°C and 12°C, corresponding to hot, moderate and cool conditions, respectively). Rectal temperature, mean skin temperature and heart rate were recorded at 10 min intervals and expired air was collected every 5 km during exercise. Simulated water stations were also provided at 5 km intervals with voluntary fluid intake being recorded. Blood was drawn before and after exercise for the determination of plasma volume changes and osmolarity. Ad libitum fluid intakes in the hot trial (0.70 - 0.31 l·h -1 ; mean - s) were greater (P? 0.05) than in the cool (0.47 - 0.13 l·h -1 ) but not the moderate (0.54 - 0.26 l·h -1 ) trial. Each volume replaced 63%, 68% and 73% of total sweat losses in each condition, respectively, and kept dehydration below ~3% of body mass. After the initial 30 min of exercise, rectal temperature was maintained well below 39°C for >2 h of continuous running. The results demonstrate that the thermoregulatory responses of female distance runners to exercise in variable, but compensable, weather conditions is well maintained when ad libitum fluid intakes replace approximately 60-70% of sweat losses.     

Effects of a 15-week accumulated brisk walking programme on the body composition of primary school children

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish whether an accumulated brisk walking programme, performed during the school day, is effective in changing body composition in primary school children aged 5–11 years. Altogether, 152 participants (79 boys and 73 girls) took part in this repeated-measures intervention study, divided into groups of walkers and controls. The walkers took part in the intervention during school time, which involved brisk walking around the school grounds for 15 min in the morning and afternoon, at least three times a week for 15 weeks. This represented an additional 90 min of moderate physical activity per week. The controls undertook their usual school day activities. Pre- and post-intervention anthropometric and body composition measures were taken. Body fat (?1.95 ± 2.6%) and fat mass (?0.49 ± 1.0 kg) were significantly reduced in the walkers after the intervention, whereas the controls showed no significant changes in these measures. Our results show that regular accumulated bouts of brisk walking during the school day can positively affect body composition in primary school children.     

高校力学基础课程教学初探

通识教育是我国高等教育领域的热点话题,加强通识教育是实现素质教育的重要举措之一。针对通识教育课程力学基础,分析了课程设立的必要性,结合其与后续其他力学课程之间的联系,对提高力学基础课程教学效果提出了建议。     

游身连环八卦掌简易套路之演练

游身连环八卦掌以伸双手游走、摆扣步走转为主,以掌法为基本,因具有左右旋转、式式连绵、游走如龙、连环技击等特点而得名.游身连环八卦掌有先天八卦和后天八卦之分,是一种长于技击又善于养身的拳术.为传承和普及游身连环八卦掌,编排了一套既适合初学者演练、简单易学、风格突出,又有演示效果的八卦掌.