Mediating effects of bullying involvement on the relationship of body mass index with social phobia,depression, suicidality,and self-esteem and sex differences in adolescents in Taiwan

The aims of this study were to examine the mediating effect of bullying involvement on the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and mental health problems, including social phobia, depression, suicidality, and low self-esteem among adolescents in Taiwan. The moderation effect of sex on the mediating role of bullying involvement was also examined. Five thousand two hundred and fifty-two students of high schools completed the questionnaires. Victimization and perpetration of passive and active bullying were assessed using the Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire. BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height measurements. The Social Phobia Inventory, the Mandarin Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, the suicidality-related questionnaire from the epidemiological version of the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were applied to assess social phobia, depression, suicidality, and low self-esteem, respectively. The mediating effect of bullying involvement on the associations between increased BMI and mental health problems was examined by the Sobel test. The moderation effect of sex on the mediating role of bullying involvement was tested by the multiple-group structural equation model. Victimization of passive and active bullying and perpetration of passive bullying, but not perpetration of active bullying, had a mediating effect on the relationships between increased BMI and all four mental health problems. Sex did not have a significant moderation effect on the mediating role of bullying involvement. Bullying involvement should be a target of prevention and intervention in developing a strategy to improve mental health among adolescents with increased BMI.     

论舒斯特曼身体美学的特征

舒斯特曼身体美学的提出,既为当下美学研究开辟了一条新路径,也是对当代学术界身体研究热潮的一种回应。其不仅改变了传统哲学中身体的地位,将身体与心灵统一,而且还勇于打破学科界限,将身体置于全部人类学科广阔视野来重新认识,从而将身体作为审美经验核心,通过对身体经验的塑造和改善来达到生命的完满。舒斯特曼的身体美学暗示了身体自身的整体性存在,更阐明了身体与人、与环境、与社会、与宇宙的整体性存在。     

工程力学课程互动式教学研究

论述互动式教学模式的内涵。工程力学课程教学各环节中应用互动式教学法的具体做法。互动式教学法在工程力学教学过程中可以使教师与学生双方都能发挥自身的主观能动性,调动学生参与教学、主动学习的积极性。     

“Body self” in the shadow of childhood sexual abuse: The long-term implications of sexual abuse for male and female adult survivors

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) may have long-term negative outcomes for victims’ body representations. In this study we examined a model in which the relation between CSA and an individual’s discomfort when in close proximity to others is mediated by disrupted body boundaries, and the relation between CSA and body shame is mediated by body self-objectification. Since most of these variables were conceptualized and assessed primarily among women, gender differences regarding the proposed model were examined. Study participants were 843 college/university students (536 women and 307 men). Results from structural equation modeling analyses indicated that in both genders, disrupted body boundaries mediated the relations between CSA and an individual’s discomfort when in close proximity to others, as well as between CSA and body shame. Body self-objectification was not associated with history of CSA. Finally, we discuss the role these findings may play in the detrimental long-term effects of CSA on both male and female survivors, and refer to their common underlying mechanism.     

Reliability and agreement between DXA-derived body volumes and their usage in 4-compartment body composition models produced from DXA and BIA values

Two research groups recently produced equations for estimation of body volume from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. These body volume estimates can be used for body composition evaluation in modified 4-compartment models. In the present analysis, the reliability of body volume calculations, as well as their usage in 4-compartment models, was explored while employing precise scheduling of assessments and dietary standardization. Forty-eight recreationally active males and females completed two pairs of identical assessments, which included a DXA scan and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Each assessment within a pair was separated by 24 hours, during which participants were provided a standardized diet. Body volume and 4-compartment equations were applied to the data, and metrics of reliability and agreement were calculated for body volume and 4-compartment components. While both body volume equations demonstrated excellent reliability individually, substantial disagreement between equations was present when utilized in 4-compartment equations. The magnitude of this disagreement was 4.3 kg for lean mass and fat mass and 6.9% for body fat percentage. At present, the large discrepancies in body composition components when using existing body volume equations preclude their interchangeability and demonstrate the need for continued exploration of the utility of body volume estimates.