爆裂法作为快速测定流体包裹体中二氧化碳（和其它气体）含量的手段及其在勘探中的使用：以中国山东和河北省金矿为例

The acoustic decrepitation method heats a small monomineralic sample and counts pressure impulses as the inclusions burst when they develop high internal pressures. For aqueous fluids, the decrepitation temperature is correlated with the homogenisation temperature, but gas rich fluids give a distinct and characteristic low temperature decrepitation peak which can be used to recognize gas rich fluid inclusions. This information is useful in exploration for Au deposits, which are frequently associated with CO2 rich and sometimes CH4 rich fluids. This distinctive decrepitation occurs because the CO2 rich inclusion fluids expand according to the gas law and develop internal pressures high enough to burst the host mineral grain at temperatures well below their homogenisation temperatures. In contrast, aqueous fluids condense to a liquid and vapour phase during post-entrapment cooling. Upon subsequent heating their internal pressures do not increase significantly until after homogenisation to a single phase occurs and hence they do not decrepitate ＂prematurely＂ as gas rich inclusions do. This behaviour is usually regarded as an annoyance in conventional microthermometric homogenisation studies, but can readily be used as an exploration aid to find mineralisation deposited from such gas rich fluids. Decrepitation results on samples from Cowra Ck, NSW, Australia, which have also been microthermometrically measured for CO2 content, show that amounts of less than 5 mole % CO2 are easily distinguished by decrepitation and amounts as low as 1 mole % CO2 may be determinable. Examples of the use of acoustic decrepitation in the study of 6 gold mines in the Shandong and Hebei provinces of China are discussed.     

韩江流域上游生态足迹研究——以梅州市为例

生态足迹分析法是测量可持续发展性的一种新工具.在简要介绍生态足迹的概念、方法及已有研究成果的基础上,对梅州市2003年的生态足迹进行了测算.结果表明:(1)2003年全市人均生态足迹为1.327 6 hm2.cap-1,实有人均生态生产性面积为0.707 6 hm2.cap-1,人均生态赤字为0.620 0 hm2.cap-1;(2)从生态足迹需求/供给状况看,人均生态足迹需求/供给基本相持平的只有五华县,其中大埔、丰顺县出现了生态盈余,其余县(区)出现生态赤字,其中最大的是蕉岭县;(3)从生态生产性土地的需求/供给和赤字结构状况看,生态赤字主要来源于能源、水域、建设用地和耕地类产品的消费,林地类产品出现了一定的盈余.为此,提出了促进区域社会经济可持续发展的几点建议.     

Learner presence,perception, and learning achievements in augmented–reality–mediated learning environments

Although research has indicated that augmented reality (AR)–facilitated instruction improves learning performance, further investigation of the usefulness of AR from a psychological perspective has been recommended. Researchers consider presence a major psychological effect when users are immersed in virtual reality environments. However, most research on learner presence has focused on measuring it rather than the factors influencing it. This study explored the relationship between learner perception and presence in an AR-facilitated learning environment. A game-type AR learning process was developed and an experiment was implemented employing a one-group pretest–posttest method. Three sets of research instruments were developed, comprising a learning achievement test, a learner's presence inventory, and a questionnaire on learners’ perception of the AR-mediated environment. A total of 60 validated data samples were collected and statistically analysed. The researchers determined that learner presence closely relates to learning achievement and AR learning perception. These results indicate that a more satisfactory AR perception leads to a higher level of learner presence in the AR environment, thereby resulting in more beneficial learning outcomes.     

碳纤维片材加固技术在某工程框架梁抗剪加固中的应用

粘贴碳纤维片材加固技术是一项新的应用外粘高性能复合材料加固结构的技术．碳纤维片材重量轻、高强度、高弹性、高耐久性，易于施工，现已开始应用于各类混凝土结构的加固处理．本文根据工程实际情况，简要介绍了碳纤维片材加固技术在混凝土框架梁抗剪加固工程中的应用．     

Free radical generation and lipid peroxidation among the dry cell industry workers exposed to carbon

A total of 75 healthy male dry cell industry workers exposed to carbon for 5, 8 and 10 years were compared with 48 controls matched for age and economic status with respect to free radical generation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels. Lymphocytes were seperated from the whole blood and used for estimation of free radicals and antioxidants. Plasma lipid peroxidation products were estimated in the form of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Significant increase in free radical generation and lipid peroxidation products were observed in carbon exposed population than controls, and the increase was found to be significant with increase in the period of exposure. The levels of antioxidants i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were found to decrease with the increase in exposure to carbon in industrial workers. These results suggest that exposure to carbon augments free radical generation, lipid peroxidation and promotes decline in antioxidant enzymes.     

国家生态文明试验区背景下海南蓝碳开发的理论分析与路径建议

在国家生态文明试验区建设的背景下,海南蓝碳开发是一个具有理论与实践意义的重要问题.蓝碳在生态保护、经济发展、地区合作等方面具有重要开发价值.从政治学、经济学和管理学等跨学科视角,运用公共物品、外部性、协同治理等理论可以对蓝碳开发进行理论分析.基于开发价值与理论分析提出海南蓝碳开发的路径建议,包括基于公共物品理论的生态保护建议、基于外部性理论的经济发展建议和基于协同治理理论的地区合作建议等.     

中国生态足迹的多尺度变化及驱动因素分析

在基于生态足迹模型计算1953年-2007年中国人均生态足迹(Ecological Footprint,EF)数据基础上,采用经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)方法研究发现,1953年-2007年中国人均EF存在明显的4.3a、10.8a两个波动周期和一个递增趋势。选取与中国人均EF变化高度相关的产业结构、能源消费、发电量、居民消费、城市化水平等7个指标,不同时间尺度下的驱动因素逐步回归分析发现,人均GDP、第二产业产值、重工业、原油消费、发电量、居民消费、城市化率7个因素是驱动其不同周期性变化和持续增长的主要因素。稳定经济增长,优化产业机构,降低原油消费,提高天然气、水电及可再生能源消费比重,提高电力利用效率,适当控制城镇化等是中国减少生态足迹、降低人类环境影响的有效措施。     

新形势下西北地区碳排放及低碳化发展研究——以陕西省为例

在西部大开发战略实施十周年、基础设施建设瓶颈基本突破,国际金融危机持续影响和碳排放压力日趋增大的新形势下,我国西北地区面临着权衡发展权与排放权,促进区域社会经济全面快速发展与减少CO2排放的双重压力与挑战。本文以陕西省为例,对其自新中国成立以来碳排放的数量和结构变化进行回顾,并利用SPSS软件从经济总量、产业结构、消费特征、能源结构和利用效率等方面对影响其变化的主要因素进行分析。在此基础上结合陕西省的客观实际,指出其今后应从碳源和碳汇两个角度,三次产业、低碳生活和碳汇的五个层面走低碳化的发展道路,即:①创建有机、生态、高效的新农业;②优化二产结构,建立循环经济园区,改善能源消费;③聚焦产业链两端,大力发展现代服务业;④倡导绿色消费,塑造低碳生活;⑤植树种草,扩大碳汇。     

供应链碳管理决策系统的构建与应用

随着全球温室气体日益增加,环境保护问题日益突出,对供应链管理提出了新的挑战。只有量化生产经营活动中存在的直接和间接排放,管理者才能获得准确的碳排放信息以进行碳管理决策;而要实现供应链的整体碳减排,企业之间必须要进行碳信息的沟通。使用生态控制来识别和测量企业的碳绩效,可以为企业管理者提供有效的碳信息,有利于企业制定有效的碳管理策略。基于生态控制方法构建供应链碳管理决策支持系统,并以汽车行业为例进行具体运用。     

基于ArcGIS和SD的山东省碳排放演化格局及低碳经济发展战略仿真分析

利用ArcGIS平台探究山东省碳排放演化格局,根据山东省各市2005年、2007年、2010年和2012年四个年份各市碳排放时空格局演化趋势,得出山东省碳排放总量未来有进一步增加的趋势。利用系统动力学构建山东省能源-经济-社会-环境(碳排放)系统动力力学模型,运用VENSIM软件平台对山东省未来经济发展情景进行定量化动态模拟,研究山东省低碳经济发展的可行方案。设置四种不同的发展情景方案,预测在不同情景方案下山东省低碳经济综合发展状况。研究结果表明,在情景Ⅳ模式下,山东省2020年经济发展规模、能源消耗量、碳排放总量、单位GDP碳排放都要优于其他三种场景下模拟出的结果,得出山东省低碳经济协调发展的最优方案,为山东省低碳经济发展和规划提供决策支持。