Congenital atresia of the left main coronary artery in an infant

Congenital atresia of the left main coronary artery is a rare occurrence, and surgical revascularizationbypass graft is required. We here report a rare case of congenital coronary anomaly in an infant. A 10-month-old male infant was admitted to the hospital with heart failure symptoms. Echocardiographic examinations revealed mitral valve regurgitation and ischemic changes of the anterolateral papillary muscle and chordae. Coronary angiography showed atresia of the left main coronary artery with a severe hypoplastic left anterior descending artery and a circumflex coronary artery. Unfortunately, sudden cardiac arrest occurred after catheterization and the infant did not recover despite of immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Further studies are needed to find a newer diagnostic method to detect coronary anomaly in an infant, and coronary angiography, if necessary, has to be performed very carefully.     

Chewing substances with or without tobacco and risk of cardiovascular disease in Asia: a meta-analysis

Objective  

To assess whether people who ever use any form of chewing substance in Asia are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).     

传染病防控的国际合作机制演进与国际卫生法的实践

19世纪以前,主权国家通过实施隔离与检疫措施,建设国内公共卫生体系来抗击传染病的侵袭。之后,国际社会则通过寻求国际卫生合作,构建传染病的国际治理机制以控制传染病的扩散。但该体制存在严重缺陷,不能适应传染病全球化的新发展,必须对其不断完善,建立全球卫生治理的新机制。     

毕淑敏与贾平凹疾病叙事比较分析

疾病是生活中人们较为回避的话题,但它对人的生活的影响却并不因我们的回避而消失。在文学作品中,越来越多的作家对疾病话题进行了探讨。从不同的角度展现出不同的疾病叙事,引进了社会对疾病问题的审视。本文着重分析“文学界的白衣天使”毕淑敏和“文坛病人”贾平凹作品中的疾病叙事特征。     

Inactivation of infectious bursal disease virus by binary ethylenimine and formalin

In this experiment conducted to study the inactivation dynamics of infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV） by binary ethylenimine （BEI） in comparison with formalin, IBDV was isolated from the bursa of infected chickens and its confirmation was done by agar gel precipitation test. Viral suspensions were subjected to inactivation with BEI and formalin for pre-set time in- tervals. BEI was employed at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.002 mol/L while formalin was used at 0.1% and 0.2%. Sampling was done at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of incubation and samples were tested for their inactivation status in 9-day-old embryonated eggs and 3-week-old broiler chickens. IBDV was completely inactivated by 0.001 and 0.002 mol/L BEI after 36 h of incubation at 37℃, whereas formalin at 0. 1% and 0.2% concentrations inactivated IBDV in 24 h.     

关于水泥混凝土路面基层材料的探讨

针对水泥混凝土路面的主要病害和机理,探讨选择基层材料的合理性及其施工方法,以减少水泥混凝土路面的施工病害。     

Acute cardiovascular responses to interval exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

Interval exercise training is increasingly recommended to improve health and fitness; however, it is not known if cardiovascular risk is different from continuous exercise protocols. This systematic review with meta-analyses assessed the effect of a single bout of interval exercise on cardiovascular responses that indicate risk of cardiac fibrillation and infarction compared to continuous exercise. Electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) intervals of the same intensity and duration followed by a recovery period and (2) reporting at least one of blood pressure, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness or function. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach were used. Meta-analyses found that systolic blood pressure responses to interval exercise did not differ from responses to continuous exercise immediately (MD 8 mmHg [95% CI ?32, 47], p = 0.71) or at 60 min following exercise (MD 0 mmHg [95% CI ?2, 1], p = 0.79). However, reductions in diastolic blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation with interval exercise were observed 10–15 min post-exercise. The available evidence indicates that interval exercise does not convey higher cardiovascular risk than continuous exercise. Further investigation is required to establish the safety of interval exercise for clinical populations.     

Sensemaking and crisis revisited: the failure of sensemaking during the Flint water crisis

ABSTRACT

This study operationalized Weick’s [(1988). Enacted sensemaking in crisis situations. Journal of Management Studies 25(4), 305–317 and (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 628–652] theory of enacted sensemaking to examine the communication processes associated with the Flint Water Crisis of 2014–2015. A content analysis of 389 emails and attachments from a total population of N?=?37,376 pages of publicly released e-mails and documents pertaining to Flint’s water issues, identified examples of failed sensemaking by government officials. These failures hastened and intensified a growing crisis of lead contamination and an outbreak of Legionnaires disease associated with Flint’s municipal water system. Analysis of email messages suggests that strong commitments by top leaders and limited capacity were important factors as were efforts to create and maintain consensus among officials. The Flint Water Crisis offers an important application of sensemaking theory and its utility for both organizational and risk communication scholars and for practical application. The authors emphasize the importance of questioning previous assumptions and commitments, insuring that communication practitioners are involved in decisions, and avoiding over reliance on image repair as a strategic response.     

“阿尔茨海默病”在《中图法》中的类目设置探讨

近年来,有关阿尔茨海默病的文献大量涌现,但《中图法》第4版中并无相关类目。通过对《中图法》R749．16老年及早老性精神障碍和中国精神疾病分类的分析,参照国际疾病分类（ICD-10）和《美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第4版修订本（DSM-IV-R）和《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准》第3版（CCMD-3）相关类目的现行标准和原则,提出3种分类方案。     

离散型随机变量的数学期望在法律、医学和经济等问题中的应用

数学期望是随机变量的重要的数字特征之一。本文通过民事纠纷、疾病普查和利润的例子探讨离散型随机变量的数学期望在法律、医学和经济等问题的应用。