The Foodborne Outbreak Challenge—Using Experiential Learning to Foster Interdisciplinary Training Among Students on Foodborne Disease Outbreak Investigations

The Integrated Food Safety Centers of Excellence aim to develop novel learning methods to educate and train the future public health workforce to investigate foodborne outbreaks. The Foodborne Outbreak Challenge (FOC) was a one‐day event hosted by the Colorado Integrated Food Safety Center of Excellence at the Colorado School of Public Health. The FOC incorporated experiential, problem‐based, and interdisciplinary pedagogies from case studies, simulation exercises, and public health case competitions, to deliver a novel learning experience that met the training needs of a multidisciplinary foodborne outbreak response team with diverse skills sets. The event received positive feedback, and participants demonstrated knowledge gain. Event materials are available for other institutions to use.     

Seasonal coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: effects of preexisting immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic

Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is still ongoing, vaccination rates are rising slowly and related treatments and drugs are being developed. At the same time, there is increasing evidence of preexisting immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans, mainly consisting of preexisting antibodies and immune cells (including T cells and B cells). The presence of these antibodies is mainly due to the seasonal prevalence of four common coronavirus types, especially OC43 and HKU1. The accumulated relevant evidence has suggested that the target of antibodies is mainly the S2 subunit of S protein, followed by evolutionary conservative regions such as the nucleocapsid (N) protein. Additionally, preexisting memory T and B cells are also present in the population. Preexisting antibodies can help the body protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection, reduce the severity of COVID-19, and rapidly increase the immune response post-infection. These multiple effects can directly affect disease progression and even the likelihood of death in certain individuals. Besides the positive effects, preexisting immunity may also have negative consequences, such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and original antigenic sin (OAS), the prevalence of which needs to be further established. In the future, more research should be focused on evaluating the role of preexisting immunity in COVID-19 outcomes, adopting appropriate policies and strategies for fighting the pandemic, and vaccine development that considers preexisting immunity.     

基于VAR模型的新冠肺炎疫情对航运市场的溢出效应分析

为分析新冠肺炎疫情对航运市场的影响,识别后疫情时代航运市场的潜在风险,用向量自回归(vector autoregression, VAR)和方差分解的方法测算疫情对航运市场的溢出效应。以各国家或地区新冠肺炎累计确诊人数比例代表其疫情严重程度;为消除季节性因素,以航运市场指标与上一年的同比变化率代表航运市场情况。结果显示：油船运输市场、干散货运输市场和集装箱船运输市场均受到新冠肺炎疫情的影响,但不同经济体因其在相对应的贸易市场中的供求关系不同,以及经济体对疫情的控制程度不同,所呈现的溢出效应关系亦不相同。     

实践与探索:刍议河南省疾控中心收文运转工作

本文系统介绍河南省疾控中心收文运转工作的现状、存在的问题,并在此基础上提出改进建议.     

对青少年网络综合症心理成因的探讨

网络综合症是伴随着现代信息化社会,因特网的迅速发展而出现的一种新型病症,对人的心理和生理都具有较大的危害性.青少年因为网络综合症而出现的一系列问题已经被社会所关注.青少年网络综合症绝大部分是由于沉溺网络游戏引起的,其成因关键在心理上对虚拟事物的依赖造成了网络成瘾.精神上得到满足而产生的快感是网络成瘾的原动力.     

神经营养因子在运动调控帕金森病理机制中的作用研究进展

神经营养因子(neurotrophic factors,NFs)缺失是导致脑功能衰退及神经退行性疾病的重要因素。帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)属于神经退行性疾病的一种,患者常表现出静息性肌肉震颤、运动性肌力缺失、运动迟缓、姿势僵硬不稳、步态异常等病症,其病理基础是中脑黑质致密部基底神经节多巴胺(dopamine,DA)能神经元丢失和DA减少。研究认为,运动可通过促进NFs的表达,促进DA能神经元的存活和DA的增多,改善PD的病理和病症。其机制可能与运动诱导NFs增多,进而调节PD病理相关分子酪氨酸羟化酶、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体、突触素、α-突触核蛋白表达以及改善氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍和神经炎症反应等有关,但其中的确切调节机制尚未得以完全揭示。同时,运动模式、运动强度和运动时间等因素,也在运动调节NFs表达中影响干预的差异。运动产生的机械刺激,引发血液循环通过血脑屏障与脑内信号分子的变化,激活脑内NFs相关信号通路,从而促进NFs调节PD脑内的相关信号分子,改善或缓解PD。通过分析运动干预调控NFs的表达,进而作用于脑内PD病理相关分子,探讨NFs在运动调...