中国大学生近十年性心理比较研究

采用自编的大学生性文化调查问卷,于2000年调查了全国26所大学的5070名大学生,于2010年调查了全国53所大学的7829名大学生,对两次调查得出的结果进行分析研究,以了解近10年我国大学生性心理的变化趋势,并为高校开展性心理教育提供理论依据。结果显示：大学生异性化倾向较十年前有所改善;有过性幻想和性梦的大学生都较...     

透视内心的隔膜——评舍伍德·安德森的《小镇畸人》

人与人之间的沟通障碍和＂人的异化＂是《小镇畸人》表现的主题,也是20世纪现代文学的重要主题。《小镇畸人》里的＂畸人＂们生活在美国从农业社会向工业社会巨大转变的时期,在这样的背景下,人们丧失了集体身份,在传统清教思想影响下对性的过度压抑,以及人们意识形态的内化导致了人与人之间的不可交流和＂人的异化＂。     

黑人性神话与他者身份的建构及其解构——从《土生子》中的跨种族性关系谈起

理查德.赖特的代表作《土生子》被誉为美国黑人文学史上的里程碑式作品、＂抗议小说＂的扛鼎之作,因此学界针对《土生子》的研究多集中于黑白二元对立上,着重探讨的是美国社会制度和种族歧视对美国黑人心灵的戕害及其灾难性后果。在此基础上,本文尝试采用新的视角,以跨种族性关系为切入点,重新审视小说主人公别格的悲剧成因,并且通过分析书中白人如何利用虚假的黑人＂性神话＂构建黑人的他者身份,揭示别格杀害白人姑娘玛丽的讽刺性寓意,彰显＂抗议小说之父＂赖特解构黑人＂性神话＂的创作智慧。     

槟榔嚼块对神经系统的影响及其依赖性

槟榔嚼块（betel quid）是一种由槟榔果和多种添加物组成的混合物,含有槟榔碱、槟榔次碱、去甲槟榔次碱等多种生物碱,对中枢和外周神经系统均产生明显的药理作用,具有一定的滥用潜力和依赖性。     

Response and interventions into harmful sexual behaviour in schools

Internationally young people report experiencing sexual abuse and violence within schools. Developments within the field of adolescent sexual harm are increasingly recognising the need for ecological approaches to harm. Yet, to date, interventions with young people displaying harmful sexual behaviours have prioritised individual behaviours and characteristics over place-based interventions.This article presents empirical evidence from a mixed-methods study aimed at understanding the enablers and barriers to preventing and responding to harmful sexual behaviour in schools. Research was carried out in seven schools and four multi-agency partnerships in England, UK. Using evidence from focus groups, observations, case reviews and policy analysis the article outlines nine components that enable, or are barriers to, effective responses and interventions into harmful sexual behaviour in schools. The paper concludes that responses and interventions into harmful sexual behaviour must move beyond responding to individual behaviours to intervening within factors within schools themselves.     

Child welfare characteristics in a sample of youth involved in commercial sex: An exploratory study

BackgroundHomeless, runaway, and youth exiting foster care are vulnerable to sexual exploitation, but little research has parsed the societal, community, and individual factors that contribute to their risk.Objectives(1) To estimate child welfare characteristics in a sample of homeless young people who engaged in commercial sex (CS); and (2) To compare young people who were sex trafficked (ST) to those who engaged in some other form of CS.Participants and settingThis study includes 98 homeless young people in Philadelphia, PA, Phoenix, AZ, and Washington, DC, who were interviewed for a larger study of ST and endorsed engagement in CS.MethodsWe used a non-probability, purposive, maximum variation sampling procedure. Interviews were recorded and responses were simultaneously noted on a standardized interview form. Data were analyzed through means, frequencies, and bivariate tests of association.ResultsAverage age of the full sample of 98 homeless young people was 20.9 years; 48% were female and 50% were Black/African American. Forty-six percent of the full sample was sex trafficked. The full sample and the victims of ST differed significantly in three child welfare characteristics, with the ST group more likely to have been maltreated as children, more likely to have had family involvement with the child welfare system (CWS), and more likely to report higher rates of living someplace other than with their biological parents as children.ConclusionsST victims differ from those who engaged in other forms of CS in histories of maltreatment, involvement with the CWS, and exposure to residential instability while growing up.     

Understanding the needs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Child maltreatment prevention program development

BackgroundGlobal efforts are being made to combat child maltreatment (CM); however, in 2011 the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA) response to this issue was found to be mediocre. Several developments have been implemented in KSA since then, and reevaluation is now necessary.ObjectiveTo assess the CM-prevention readiness (CMPR) of KSA in regard to implementing large-scale, evidence-based CM-prevention programs. Participants and Setting: Key informants based in KSA who were decision makers and senior managers in the CM field; face-to-face interviews were conducted in the participants’ offices.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. We used the multi-dimensional tool “Readiness Assessment for the Prevention of Child Maltreatment - short version,” which examines 10 dimensions concerning this topic. Comparison between the results of this study and those of the 2011 examination was performed to determine how the situation in KSA has changed.ResultsSixty informants were interviewed; the majority being females (57%) and from governmental institutions (56%). The average total score for the 10 dimensions was 47.4%, an increase from the 43.7% reported in 2011. The strongest dimensions were legislations and mandates (8.3/10), followed by knowledge (7.1/10) and institutional links and resources (5.8/10). The lowest scores concerned human and technical resources (1.7/10) and attitude towards CM (2.8/10). Compared to the 2011 results, some dimensions showed significant improvements, but the majority had remained consistent.ConclusionsTime and commitment are necessary to secure CMPR improvement. Periodic assessment of CMPR is required to provide proper recommendations to the government regarding the progress of CM-prevention strategies.     

Association between mothers’ problematic Internet use and maternal recognition of child abuse

BackgroundThere are few studies about mothers’ problematic Internet use (PIU). Mothers’ PIU may lead to inadequate parenting and child abuse.ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the association between mothers’ PIU and their recognition of child abuse.Participants and settingWe analyzed data collected of health examinations of children aged 4 months, 1.5 years, and 3 years which were carried out in Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan between April 2016 and March 2017. The number of the subjects were 1685, 1729, 1674, respectively.MethodsWe used logistic regression analysis to clarify the association between mothers’ PIU (Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction score: ≥5) and their recognition of child abuse (selecting < True of me > for < I sometimes think that I am abusing my child > on a questionnaire survey), which was adjusted for covariates such as maternal age, number of children, daytime caretaker, social support, postpartum depression, and current smoking status of the parents.ResultsBased on the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the mothers’ PIU was significantly correlated with their recognition of child abuse for children aged 4 months, 1.5 years, or 3 years [odds ratio (OR): 13.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–139.98, OR: 7.02, 95% CI: 1.28–38.55, and OR: 28.06, 2.48–317.93, respectively].ConclusionThis study revealed the possibility that mothers with PIU recognize child abuse more than mothers without PIU. However, further studies should be conducted to increase reliability and validity.     

The intergenerational impact of trauma and family violence on parents and their children

BackgroundChildren who experience Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) are at an increased risk of becoming a victim of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) or a perpetrator of IPV or CAN. Moreover, maltreated children are at risk for developing long-lasting trauma symptoms, which can subsequently affect their own children’s lives. Understanding the mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of violence and trauma is a prerequisite for the development of interventions.ObjectiveWe examine whether the relation between historical CAN and current trauma symptoms of mothers is mediated by current IPV. Furthermore, we investigate whether current CAN mediates the relation between current maternal trauma symptoms and child Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. These mechanisms are compared for mothers and fathers.ParticipantsWe have recruited 101 fathers and 360 mothers (426 children, 50% boys, mean age 7 years) through child protection services.MethodsRespondents completed questionnaires about IPV, (historical) CAN and trauma symptoms.ResultsStructural equation models revealed that historical CAN of father and mothers was related to trauma symptoms. Only for mothers, this association was mediated by IPV. Trauma symptoms of both fathers and mothers were related to child PTSD symptoms. This effect was not mediated by current CAN.ConclusionIn violent families, maternal and paternal trauma can be transmitted over generations. However, intergenerational transmission of violence is found for mothers only. When family violence is reported, professionals should take the violence into account, as well as the history of parents and trauma symptoms of all family members.