主位推进模式在大学英语写作教学中的应用

衔接与连贯是学生在英语写作中存在的问题。功能语言学的主位推进模式为大学英语写作教学中的衔接与连贯问题提供了新的启发。因此,本文将在系统功能语言学的主位推进模式理论的指导下,对大学英语写作教学进行研究,以期提高学生的语篇组织能力,从而提高学生的写作水平。     

Professional knowledge or motivation? Investigating the role of teachers’ expertise on the quality of technology-enhanced lesson plans

In an expertise study with 94 mathematics teachers varying in their relative teacher expertise (i.e., student teachers, trainee teachers, in-service teachers), we examined effects of teachers' professional knowledge and motivational beliefs on their ability to integrate technology within a lesson plan scenario. Therefore, we assessed teachers' professional knowledge (i.e., content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, technological knowledge), and their motivational beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, utility-value). Furthermore, teachers were asked to develop a lesson plan for introducing the Pythagorean theorem to secondary students. Lesson plans by advanced teachers (i.e., trainee teachers, in-service teachers) comprised higher levels of instructional quality and technology exploitation than the ones of novice teachers (i.e., pre-service teachers). The effect of expertise was mediated by teachers' perceived utility-value of educational technology, but not by their professional knowledge. These findings suggest that teachers’ motivational beliefs play a crucial role for effectively applying technology in mathematics instruction.     

Priming urban learners' attitudes toward the relevancy of science: A mixed-methods study testing the importance of context

The development of three-dimensional learning among all K-12 student demographics remains a prominent goal for the field of science education. However, substantial research in science teacher education for urban populations showcases hurdles to overcome in order to achieve this goal, particularly for elementary teachers. Research shows that urban elementary teachers are often ill-prepared to develop a type of science pedagogy responsive to students' learning needs. The fidelity of such pedagogies that these teachers adhere to when trying to implement such a requested content–relationality between these populations and how their local contexts can be used as sites to learn science in relevant ways are often not fully realized, as well. Given that science achievement gaps exhibit racial disparities starting in primary grades and attitudes toward science have been shown to affect academic achievement and motivation, we argue that one way to ameliorate, in at least an incremental way, this disparity is to design novel learning experiences to prime students to see the relevancy of science in their local contexts before such three-dimensional designed learning is set to occur. In this research, we leveraged the immersive nature of Virtual Reality 360 videos and present a design-based research iteration testing how this novel technologically enhanced learning experience may have influenced close to 400 urban elementary students' attitudes toward science around those attitudes labeled as “behavioral beliefs” by the field. Using a concurrent, convergent mixed-methods design with a two-way multivariate analysis of covariance quantitative data set triangulated with students' qualitative self-reports that were transformed into quantitative preponderances in graphic form, the data support that our design iteration emphasizing the importance of context as a design focus can prime students who struggle to see science as relevant to change their attitudes. Implications are discussed around relationality, novel technological affordances, and the use of local contexts as learning resources.     

Complex Systems Approaches to Educational Research: Introduction to the Special Issue

Abstract

To explore the movement toward increased complex systems (CS) research in education, this special issue of the Journal of Experimental Education was developed to identify some under-examined places where CS approaches have advanced research. The articles provide empirical examples of research leveraging methods and analyses from complexity science. In this introduction article to the special issue, we discuss the authors’ contributions to defining and explicating concepts and methods that fall under the umbrella of CS perspectives and how these methods were used to investigate complex processes in their topics of study. The articles capture the goal of the special issue to demonstrate how the research questions framed by CS assumptions can change our expectations about the very nature of the processes under study in education. We then take a more global perspective and acknowledge the commonalities amongst the papers, including (a) the reliance on intensive data to answer research questions, and (b) the use of dynamic approaches that yield findings about the stability and change of these systems and phenomena.     

Evidence-based policy-making and exam board insider researchers: creating communicative spaces

ABSTRACT

This article conceptualises the relationship between exam board insider research and the policy-making context in which they operate. Exam board researchers are constrained by commercial and political interests in disclosing their knowledge. and face pressures in disseminating research, butalso find themselves working in contexts where calls to ‘evidence-based policy-making’ are ubiquitous. This can deprofessionalise and disenfranchise the researcher.. This article will depict the context faced by exam board researchers attempting to influence policy before portraying possible responses, evaluating how these can be applied to exam board research, with reference to research on standard-setting. The article will build on a conceptualisation of successful exam board insider research as the creation of Habermasian ‘communicative spaces’, applying lessons from research–policy interface literature to that conceptualisation. Inapplying those lessons, the article will suggest possible solutions to the problems faced by that group in their attempts to influence policymakers.     

Coteaching in early childhood clinical field experiences: a cross-case study of learning affordances

ABSTRACT

Coteaching, a model for learning to teach, places teacher candidates alongside clinical educators in classrooms. Learning occurs through shared practice and on-going explication of thinking and reflection. This cross-case study of six dyads from an undergraduate early childhood inclusive preservice education program examines ways that coteaching afforded opportunities for developing collaborative and adaptive expertise. It was found that opportunities for learning these skills were afforded through coteaching student teaching experiences, although in different ways, and that limited affordances outnumbered strong learning opportunities. Implications for further development of the early childhood coteaching teacher education model, and for professional development, are discussed.     

大学生计算思维能力培养水平实证研究——以全国大学生计算机设计大赛为例

计算思维是当前计算机教育重点研究方向之一,培养大学生计算思维能力是计算机教育的一项重要内容,通过鼓励大学生参加计算机大赛等综合实践活动,有利于启发和培养学生的计算思维能力。对大赛获奖数据进行分析,得到大学生计算思维能力培养现状。选取近 5 年参赛数据为样本,运用 SPSS 软件对我国高校大学生计算思维培养水平现状进行研究。结果发现,我国在大学生计算思维培养方面取得了积极成果,相关高校表现突出,经验值得借鉴和学习。     

内在驱动还是外部驱使？高校教师科研产出及其影响机制分析

基于“知识社会中的学术职业”调查数据,对高校教师科研产出及其影响机制进行了分析。结果表明：高校层次越高,其教师投入到科研中的时间越长,科研合作对象范围越广,发表国内核心期刊论文和国际期刊论文的数量越多;不同层次高校教师的科研产出在性别、年龄、学历、职称、学科等方面存在不同程度的显著差异;高校教师个体内在的科研兴趣对科研产出具有显著正向影响;外在的科研导向不仅没有促进高校教师的科研产出,反而对“双一流”建设高校教师国际期刊论文发表具有显著负向影响,以及对非“双一流”建设高校教师的科研兴趣产生“挤出效应”,进而对其科研产出产生负向影响。     

不同年级本科生对科研训练的认识及参与——以四川大学环境科学专业为例

科研训练是提高本科生综合素质的重要途径。本研究以四川大学环境科学专业为例,通过问卷调查,统计分析本科生对科研训练的认识及参与程度,探讨参与科研训练对本科生综合素质的影响,在此基础上指出本科生参与科研训练存在的问题,提出在科研训练的实施过程中应注意科研训练对象的确定、科研训练的选题、科研训练时间的安排和过程的管理。