Preservice teachers’ self‐efficacy in managing students with symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The roles of diagnostic label and students’ gender

The present study investigated preservice teachers’ self‐efficacy in classroom management involving students with symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A total of 137 Chinese preservice teachers were randomly presented with one of four vignettes involving a student character with ADHD symptoms, with manipulations including the character’s gender and diagnostic label of ADHD. Upon reading the vignette, participants responded to questions concerning their self‐efficacy in inclusive classroom management involving the character. Findings based on analysis of covariance indicated an interaction effect of the vignette character’s gender and label on teachers’ self‐efficacy. Specifically, teachers perceived greater self‐efficacy in a classroom involving a girl with an ADHD label than in a classroom involving a girl with no label or a boy with a label. Findings enriched the literature concerning the roles of gender and label in preservice teachers’ self‐efficacy toward inclusive classroom management.     

分组竞赛式教学法在农机专业实训课程中的应用

拆装调整实训竞赛能够激发学生学习兴趣、提高学生实际动手能力。拆装调整过程能够使学生更加深入理解学习的理论知识,亲自感受常用农业机械的调整方法。农机机械拆装调整实训是实践性较强的课程,通过分组竞赛的教学手段,学生能够快速掌握农业机械的调整方法。该文以农机机械最常用的播种机拆装调整为案例,介绍了拆装调整实训竞赛的教学实施过程,引导学生对理论与动手实践能力结合,提高农业机械使用、操作与调整方面的能力。     

Group-based intervention on attention and executive functions in the school context

The objective of the study was to examine the effects of a group-based behavioural, cognitive and skills training intervention (Maltti) provided in schools for elementary school pupils with attention and executive function (EF) deficits. The treatment effects were identified by comparing an intervention group (n = 46) with a waitlist control group (n = 26). Specific effects of the intervention on behavioural deficits in attention and EF in a classroom setting as well as on academic skills were examined. Our analysis indicated that significant intervention effects could be found in the behavioural manifestation of attentional and executive skills in the classroom setting among children (n = 30) who were evaluated as having moderate symptoms in the pre-intervention assessment. Positive effects of the intervention were also observed in arithmetic and reading skills. The severity level of pre-intervention attention and EF deficits did not moderate the results observed in the academic skills tests. The results of this study suggest that a combination of behavioural, cognitive and skills training methods applied in a school context can be effective in reducing attention and EF problems and enhancing the academic performance of children with attention and EF deficits.     

实际施工人的法律责任和权利

实际施工人违法承包工程现象在我国较为普遍，最高人民法院对此作出了司法解释。通过对实际施工人的界定，实际施工人构成要件的阐述，实际施工人承包工程的合同的效力的确定，阐述了实际施工人应当承担的法律责任，以及根据合同相对性原则，实际施工人应当享有的法定权利。     

环境因素对高校英语教师职业倦怠的影响

环境是影响高校英语教师职业倦怠的重要因素,关乎教学的质量及教师的发展。对七所普通本科院校的英语教师进行调查,发现环境因素能通过三条路径的间接作用影响英语教师的职业倦怠:通过职业压力的中介作用;通过教学效能感的中介作用;通过职业压力与教学效能感的链式中介作用。因此,良好的社会、工作与生活环境有助于减轻英语教师工作压力、提高教学效能感,进而避免或减轻教师职业倦怠现象的产生。     

The effect of an informal science intervention on middle school girls’ science affinities

This study investigates the impact of an informal science outreach programme built around theories of identity formation and self-efficacy on middle school girls’ science affinities. A lottery-based, randomised control trial was used to identify programme effects on four science affinity outcomes: science interests, efficacy with science, science attitudes, and science identity. A multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that programme participants scored higher than their control group peers on weighted composite of post-programme affinity indicators. These results suggest that informal science education may offer a venue through which to support the formation of science identities and efficacy in girls. Implications for including psychosocial support elements into science classroom pedagogy and science education standards are discussed.     

Associations Between Classroom Environment and Academic Efficacy

Research was conducted on associations between classroom psychosocial environment and academic efficacy. A sample of 1055 mathematics students from Australian secondary schools responded to an instrument that assessed ten dimensions of mathematics classroom environment (viz. Student Cohesiveness, Teacher Support, Investigation, Task Orientation, Cooperation, Equity, Involvement, Personal Relevance, Shared Control, Student Negotiation). These scales were from two existing instruments, namely, What Is Happening In This Classroom? (WIHIC) and the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES). A seven-item scale assessed students' academic efficacy at mathematics-related tasks. Simple and multiple correlation analyses revealed statistically significant correlations between these classroom environment dimensions and academic efficacy. Results showed that classroom environment relates positively with academic efficacy. A commonality analysis showed that the three scales from the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey scales did not contribute greatly to explaining variance in academic efficacy beyond that attributed to the seven scales in the What Is Happening In This Classroom? questionnaire.     

Huber Inventory of Trainee Self‐efficacy: Assessment of measurement models

The purpose of this study was to further examine the factor structure of the Huber Inventory of Trainee Self‐Efficacy (HITS), a measure of school psychology trainee self‐efficacy. Lockwood et al. (2017, Psychol. Sch., Vol. 54, pp. 655–670) extant data set, collected from 520 school psychology trainees, was utilized. Four measurement models were examined for model fit and factor loadings. Of the four models, a bifactor model with a single latent general self‐efficacy (GSE) and latent domain‐specific factors (i.e., Multidimensional Assessment Skills, Counseling Skills, Professional Interpersonal Skills, and Research Skills) was the most parsimonious. However, standardized loadings indicated that all practice‐related items loaded more significantly onto GSE than their domain‐specific factors, indicating the utility of GSE for practice‐related skills. Of note, the Research Skills factor displayed greater domain‐specific loadings than general loadings. These findings suggest that GSE may be the best indicator of trainee self‐efficacy, though a two‐factor model that represents practical skills versus research skills may also be appropriate. Additionally, reliability scores indicate that subscale interpretation may also be reasonable. Limitations, implications for trainers of school psychologists, and for future research directions are discussed.     

小学教师教学效能感与其归因反应模式的关系

以155名小学教师为被试，探讨了不同教学效能感水平的教师对于不同特点学生学业失败后的反应模式。结果表明，在学生考试失败后，高教学效能的教师对于高努力的学生以及学习困难学生的生气程度较低，给予学生更多的奖励，预期学习困难学生在将来更容易失败；低教学效能教师对于高能力学生和学习困难学生的生气程度较低，给予学生更多的惩罚，预期低能力学生耷将来更容易失败。中教学效能教师的反应模式更接近于低教学效能教师。     

微信联合临床技能竞赛在诊断学教学中的应用

目的:探讨微信联合临床技能竞赛在诊断学教学中应用的效果。方法:徐州医科大学2012级影像医学专业2个班级分别作为实验组和对照组,实验组采用微信联合临床技能竞赛教学,对照组采用传统教学。两组采集病史均采用标准化病人。教学结束后,通过考试及问卷调查,统计两种教学成果。结果:实验组成绩明显优于对照组(P<0.05),实验组学生在提高学习兴趣、自学能力、分析解决问题能力、沟通能力等方面的满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:微信联合临床技能竞赛进行诊断学教学的方法对比传统教学优势明显。