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11.
Angel Ric Robert Hristovski Bruno Gonçalves Lorena Torres Jaime Sampaio Carlota Torrents 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(18):1723-1730
The aim of this study was to identify the dynamics of tactical behaviour emerging on different timescales in football small-sided games and to quantify short- and long-term exploratory behaviour according to the number of opponents. Two teams of four professional male footballers played small-sided games against two different teams with a variable number of opponents (3, 5 and 7). Data were collected using a combination of systematic observation and a non-differential global positioning system (15 Hz). The temporal diversity and structural flexibility of the players were determined by calculating the dynamic overlap order parameter q, entropy and trapping strength. Analysis of the exploratory dynamics revealed two different timescales, forming a different metastable landscape of action for each constraint. Fast dynamics lasted on average a few seconds and consisted of changes in tactical patterns. The long timescale corresponded to the shared tasks of offence and defence lasting tens of seconds. The players’ tactical diversity decreased with an increasing number of opponents, especially in defence. Manipulating numerical imbalance is likely to promote changes in the diversity, unpredictability and flexibility of tactical solutions. The fact that the temporally nested structure of constraints shaped the emergence of tactical behaviour provides a new rationale for practice task design. The manipulation of numerical imbalance on the timescale of a few tens of seconds, on which the exploratory behaviour of players saturates, may help coaches to optimise the exploratory efficiency of the small-sided games. 相似文献
12.
Erica M. Buckeridge Anthony M.J. Bull Alison H. McGregor 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(4):369-378
Lumbar-pelvic kinematics change in response to increasing rowing stroke rates, but little is known about the effect of incremental stroke rates on changes in joint kinetics and their implications for injury. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of incremental rowing intensities on lower limb and lumbar-pelvic kinetics. Twelve female rowers performed an incremental test on a rowing ergometer. Kinematic data of rowers’ ankle, knee, hip and lumbar-pelvic joints, as well as external forces at the handle, seat and foot-stretchers of the rowing machine were recorded. Inter-segmental moments and forces were calculated using inverse dynamics and were compared across stroke rates using repeated measures ANOVA. Rowers exhibited increases in peak ankle and L5/S1 extensor moments, reductions in peak knee moments and no change in peak hip moments, with respect to stroke rate. Large shear and compressive forces were seen at L5/S1 and increased with stroke rate (P < 0.05). This coincided with increased levels of lumbar-pelvic flexion. High levels of lumbar-pelvic loading at higher stroke rates have implications with respect to injury and indicated that technique was declining, leading to increased lumbar-pelvic flexion. Such changes are not advantageous to performance and can potentially increase the risk of developing injuries. 相似文献
13.
Anna Wasserkampf Jens Kleinert 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2016,9(1):65-95
In facilitating the adoption of exercise behavior, attention should be directed towards the dynamic nature of behavioral regulations. Organismic integration theory presents a suitable framework for investigating fluctuations in behavioral regulations. However, current results pertaining to this issue revealed mixed findings. The aim of this review is to examine the empirical literature on the dynamic nature of organismic integration theory in exercise settings over time in adults. A systematic review of English articles using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ScienceDirect, and SPORTDiscus was conducted including keywords of organismic integration theory, longitudinal designs, change in behavioral regulations, and exercise. Findings are summarized through quantitative analysis of the evidence. Regarding autonomous regulations, steady increases in regulations are observable that originate within the first weeks and persist for up to one year. Most studies reported no changes in controlled regulations, although in a few cases changes were observed six weeks after baseline or later. The review adds to the theoretical understanding of how behavioral regulations are internalized. However, whether changes in regulation occur depends on both the type of regulation and on contextual characteristics. Future research of longitudinal design is warranted to identify optimal periods in which individuals seek for increased support during exercise adoption. 相似文献
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本文拟从知识经济这一视角,审视我国高等教育,指出必须转变过于大一统的教育思想,以学生主体性和个性的培养为教育的出发点和落脚点,才能培养与知识经济时代具有本质联系的创新型人才,改变培养的人才脱离和滞后经济建设的社会发展需要的现象。 相似文献
16.
通过对电容器清洗工艺的技术分析,应用PLC控制技术和液压控制技术,设计了全自动电容器清洗机控制系统,设备可实现升降、五工位转位和抖动动作全自动运行,工作程序设定方便,性能可靠,清洗质量好。 相似文献
17.
ZHUHuai-liang 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2001,5(1):35-39
In this paper ,a hybrid approach was developed to investigate the transient responses of a multi-span non-uniform flexble spinning shaft with nonlinear and asymmetric supports.The non-uniform spinning shaft with variable parmeters was modeled as a Bernoulli-Euler beam column with sectional constant cross-section properties by the finite element method.The supporting stiffness behavior of the nonlinear supports was described as a piecewise-linear and asymmetric model.The equations of motion in the matrix form of a multi-span non-uniform spinning shaft with nonlinear and asymmetric supports were formulated using Hamilton‘s principle and the assumed mode method.As an example,a spinning rocket with many variable stiffness supports was numerically simulated by the direct integration method.The transient response and dynamic behavior of this rotate-dynamic system are analyzed. 相似文献
18.
杨玉茹 《山西广播电视大学学报》2003,8(2):111-112
工业上流体输送是普遍存在的,而在输送过程中流体流动阻力的计算是非常重要的,本文介绍两种出口阻力的考虑方法,其计算结果是相同的。 相似文献
19.
成功地设计了金属铝置换硝酸中氢的实验装置与方法,旨在探索金属铝与硝酸的化学性质以及深刘理解硝酸浓度影响其产物的规律.研究发现,室温下用去膜并经氯化汞溶液处理过的铝箔与一定浓度的稀硝酸作用可产生氢气,而未经氯化汞溶液处理的铝箔与稀硝酸作用几乎检测不到氢气的生成.进一步研究显示硝酸的最高浓度为1.6mol/L,产生氢气最快时硝酸浓度为0.07mol/L. 相似文献
20.
从热力学和动力学两方面,讨论了S2O8^2--S2O3^2-I^-系统中,S2O8^2-不与S2O3^2-直接发生反应的原因。 相似文献