全球化时代OECD国家高等教育扩张的社会动力研究——教育需求的视角

20世纪90年代以来,随着全球化进程的加速,OECD国家失业率居高不下、低质量就业日渐增多、收入分配调节弱化。在此背景下,高等教育对个体的重要性不断增强,接受高等教育可能预示着更多的就业机会、更高的就业质量、更高的收入水平以及更高的生活质量,这导致了个体高等教育需求的强化。社会上日益增长的教育需求成为驱动高等教育规模扩张的基本动力。     

Gaming personality and game dynamics in online discussion instructions

Gamification is the use of game mechanics to drive game-like engagements and actions. It applies game mechanics, dynamics and frameworks to promote desired learning behaviours. Positive and effective gamification could enhance learning and engage learners in more social and context-rich decision-making for problem-solving in learning tasks. Effective gamification design should understand the game personalities of learners, social engagement styles, and intrinsic- and extrinsic-motivated user styles initially and evaluate and select appropriate game mechanics, game dynamics, to create ideal gamification instructions. The research question this study investigated is: How will four types of gaming personalities (i.e. Explorer, Socialiser, Killer and Achiever) predict the level of game dynamics in online discussion environments? This study concluded that examining how gaming personalities relate to game dynamics in a gamified online discussion instruction is not sufficient to design effective gamification. It suggests future studies in game instructions should focus on the relationships between game dynamics, gamification contexts, gaming personalities or preferences, dynamic gaming engagement styles, etc.     

工程教育背景下过程流体机械课程教学方法的探索与改革

随着本科教育教学改革和工程教育要求的转变,传统的教学方法很难满足现代工程教育的要求,表现出明显的不足。以过程流体机械课程为案例,详细分析传统教学方法存在的不足和缺陷,并基于现代工程教育的要求和课程自身的特点,提出教学方法改革的思路和具体实施方法。     

有机胺型钻井液在盐227区块的应用

有机胺型钻井液的防膨性、抑制性和润滑性与油基钻井液接近,且其抗温性、滤失性、流变性和稳定性较好。在胜利油田盐227区块复杂地质条件下的应用中,有机胺型钻井液使得六口井的机械钻速平均提高了39．5％,井径扩大率平均为3．18％,钻井故障率大大降低,促进了该区块的开发。     

我国冰雪旅游发展的系统动力学仿真研究

目的:预测分析冰雪旅游业下一阶段的发展潜力,以此来规避风险、降低损失,实现冰雪旅游业发展的最大化效益。方法:利用系统动力学方法,借助Vensim PLE软件,构建我国冰雪旅游发展的系统动力学模型,仿真分析子系统中各影响因素之间的相互作用关系并探究冰雪旅游发展的动力机制。结果:增加潜在旅游者数量、加大宣传力度、加强基础设施建设投入金额、加大投资额度等发展策略均能不同程度地促进冰雪旅游发展;增加潜在旅游者数量、加大投资额度发展策略是实现2022年“三亿人参与冰雪运动”总目标的有力保证;以2022年为时间节点,2020—2022年增加潜在旅游消费者是首选的发展策略;2022年以后加强冰雪旅游投资额度是首选的发展策略。结论:未来冰雪旅游的发展可以通过控制潜在旅游者数量、加大投资额度及其相关因素,有效实现冰雪旅游的可持续发展。     

“三期”叠加背景下区域发展对科技创新效能响应的SD情景仿真*

首先对2011年全国科技创新效能进行了评估,得出虽然作为我国科技大省之一的陕西省的科技资源投入相比不小,但其科技创新效能相比全国其他省区并没有太大优势,分析其原因在于科技成果转化率不高所致;进而通过系统动力学建模原理,构建陕西经济发展的SD模型,并设定三种不同的科技成果转化率情景方案,并对选取的观测变量进行仿真,得出未来陕西省科技成果转化率需要至少提升至25%以上方能实现陕西“十二五”规划中部分约束性目标;并就如何提升陕西科技成果转化效率提出建立以政府需求和市场需求相结合的研发模式、构建产学研用协同创新的产业化研发平台、建设科技创新企业混合产权制度和完善公平的市场竞争环境三项对策建议。     

基于问题求解思维能力培养的程序设计教学实践--以累加求和问题为例

问题求解思维是程序设计的重要特点,也是计算思维的重要形式。以累加求和问题为例,呈现了课堂教学的组织方式,详细分析了算法形成过程,有助于学生掌握问题求解的思维规律和方法,培养计算思维能力。     

气候变化和人类活动对洮河流域植被动态的影响研究

通过逐象元回归和一致性检验构建1981-2010年间洮河流域NDVI序列,整编同期气温、降水等资料,采用Sen斜率、主成分、相关性及回归残差分析等方法,就洮河流域不同地理-生态区间植被动态的时空特征及所受气候变化和人类活动的影响进行研究。结果表明,1981-2010年期间,洮河流域植被动态总体增强且空间分异明显,甘南高原植被动态增强幅度高于黄土区。从植被季节变化的趋势和幅度来看,甘南高原主要表现为植被萌发期提前,黄土区表现为萌发期提前和枯萎期延迟。在气温和降水所代表的水热要素与NDVI之间构建植被动态预测模式,率定和校验期精度良好,能够反映不同生态-地理区间植被动态与气候变化之间的数量关系。总体来看,洮河流域植被变化由气候和人类活动共同驱动,气候模式输出和残差分析结果表明,洮河流域植被动态受气候因素的影响显著,气候变化对洮河流域植被活动增强的贡献率超过90%。     

Understanding information diffusion with psychological field dynamic

Several approaches focus on how to automatically capture the latent features from original diffusion data and predict the future scale of cascades utilizing a black box framework. However, they ignore the penetrating insight into the underlying mechanism that how each participant is involved in the cascade. In this work, we bridge the gap between prediction and understanding of information diffusion by incorporating deep learning techniques and social psychology. To characterize individual participation driven by both subjective and objective impetus and integrate it into the macro-level cascade, we propose an end-to-end model, named PFDID, which is designed based on the field dynamics theory of psychology, including the intrinsic cognition field and the extrinsic environment field. We represent these two field dynamics respectively with the pairwise semantic relation between the message itself and corresponding comment and the forwarder’s micro-community activity embedding to provide educated explanations for forwarding behaviour. Afterwards, the cross infusion mechanism is designed to calculate the mutual influence of inhomogeneous field dynamics inside users and cross influence of homogeneous field dynamics among individuals, whose output is fed into the diffusion network aggregation layer for the cascade size prediction. Extensive experiments on two typical social networks, Sina Weibo and Twitter, manifest that the proposed PFDID outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. Our model achieves excellent prediction results, with MSLE = 1.856 on Sina Weibo and MSLE = 1.962 on Twitter, providing 6.54% and 10.53% relative performance gains, respectively. Furthermore, the interpretability is also discussed based on detailed visualization. We observe that the psychological impetus behind social behaviour varies mainly following two patterns with the spread of information, including gradual change and joint influence. Additionally, the indirect dependencies have also been verified.