Redefining Hijab: American Muslim Women's Standpoints on Veiling

Feminist standpoint theory suggests that, although powerful discourses attempt to define women on the “margins” of society, women's cultural positions provide them with heightened understandings of the contradictions between their experiences and the ways the dominant group defines them. Thus, while many Americans believe hijab—also called a “veil” or “headscarf”—functions to oppress women, veiled women probably possess alternative understandings. In this study, 13 veiled American Muslim women share their experiences, and under the lens of standpoint theory, the participants' definition of hijab emerges. Specifically, the women inscribe hijab with meanings shaped by their unique cultural standpoints. Hijab functions to define Muslim identity, perform a behavior check, resist sexual objectification, afford more respect, preserve intimate relationships, and provide freedom.     

中学生体育消费情况的调查

针对安徽省芜湖市不同类型的三所中学的200 名学生的体育消费情况进行了调查,用数理统计的方法对学生问卷进行研究。对影响中学生的体育消费的种种因素进行统计分析,从而推断全省乃至全国中小城市的中学生的体育消费情况。     

The exclusiveness of group identity in celebrations of team success

Basking in reflected glory (BIRGing) describes individuals’ tendency to publicly affiliate themselves with successful others. Within sport, scholars have provided foundational knowledge pertaining to BIRGing; however, they have not deeply engaged with sport fans to understand the influence of multiple group identities in celebrating team success. Using social identity theory and social identity complexity as theoretical frameworks in the current study, I conduct qualitative research with sport fans to understand how multiple group identities influence fan behaviours in response to team performance. I discover that fans (1) BIRG and blast for an enhanced sense of inclusiveness and distinctiveness, and (2) possess multiple, ordinarily inclusive group identities, which converge into a highly exclusive social identity structure immediately before, during, and after games against rivals. I conclude by discussing the potential theoretical and managerial implications regarding multiple group identities in sport contexts, as well as directions for future research.     

Consumer attitudes towards ambush marketing

Studies of consumer attitudes towards ambush marketing are in conclusive and have not investigated whether those attitudes are industry specific. Rather than just refer to ‘an organisation’ (i.e. non-industry specific), an industry-specific approach specifies the organisation's core business activity. We propose that individuals expect a higher standard of advertising from banks as compared to beer companies and that this would be reflected in more negative attitudes towards banks that engage in questionable promotional practices. A demographically and geographically representative sample of New Zealanders (n = 514) was surveyed one week following the final match of the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Three items measuring consumer attitudes towards ambush marketing were adapted from the work of Portlock and Rose (2009). These three items were further adapted to specify bank or beer companies. The results indicate that most individuals perceive ambush marketing as unethical and a practice that organisations should not utilise. However, no evidence was found to support the proposition that individuals hold banks to a higher standard than beer companies in terms of ambush marketing. Demographic variables – age, gender and location – were not significantly associated with differing attitudes.     

奥尔森集团理论下高校社团管理的探析

高校社团是一种蓬勃发展的自治组织和新生事物,在塑造特色校园文化、活跃"第二课堂"教学、增进情感交流等方面起到了纽带作用,深受大学生和社会认可。同时高校社团存在集团准入机制无序、集团运行机制无效、集团分利机制造成"搭便车"等现象,奥尔森的集体行动理论以具有共同目的和利益关系的集团为分析对象,探讨了参与集体行动多种组织的行动原理与准则,而组建小规模集团和相容集团,有选择性的激励方法和提供公共产品等解决集体选择无理性的方法,则为进行高效社团有效管理提供了路径选择。     

新媒体环境下从众心理对消费者行为的影响研究

基于新媒体环境下的从众心理,构建影响消费者行为的因素模型,通过网络搜集和问卷调查等方式获取消费者行为数据,分析挖掘从众心理对消费者行为的影响方式及路径。利用AMOS软件对所建模型进行统计分析,计算模型中各研究变量对消费者从众行为的影响机制,提出相应的策略与对策。     

消费者参与虚拟品牌社区价值共创的动机分析

品牌企业热衷于创建虚拟品牌社区并对其规范管理,目的是为了进一步稳固忠实队伍和开发更多的潜在客户以获取更大的利润。越来越多消费者参与到虚拟品牌社区进行价值共创,其目的何在?本文将多角度对消费者参与虚拟品牌社区价值共创的动机进行分析。     

成都市城乡一体化下的全民健身信息服务消费探析

在把握文献资料详实的基础上,通过对成都市城乡居民在信息服务基础设施、经济收入、信息素质的分析,认为：全民健身信息服务消费应以城市带动农村;城乡居民健身信息服务消费应有针对性;政府和企业在城乡全民健身信息服务市场之间各有侧重,对提升体育健身信息服务消费潜力起到积极的干预。     

高校体育分组分层教学研究

从素质教育和健康教育出发，阐述班内分组分层教学的必要性。并从学生的兴趣教师的态度和考核形式改革等多方面进行了教学设计。     

Researching Internet Communities: Proposed Ethical Guidelines for the Reporting of Results

Communication researchers and social scientists are quickly discovering the value of data that exists in the postings of members of Internet e-mail, Usenet, and real-time groups. The ability to communicate with one's peers, no matter how esoteric the interests, is causing an explosion in the number of new virtual communities. The interpersonal dynamics of these groups are increasingly coming under the scrutiny of academic research. The publicly available archived records of Internet virtual communities are being analyzed for a wide variety of research interests. The ability to do naturalistic observations of group dynamics, as they are exhibited in these exchanges of text, has captured the attention of many researchers. The institutional review boards of major universities are granting researchers exempt or expedited (exempt from full review) status for this work, due to the public nature of the notes being analyzed. These studies often involve the lack of informed consent, where the group members under study are unaware they are being monitored. There is a potential for psychological harm to the members of these groups, depending on the way results are reported. This article explores the ethical considerations that must be taken into account to protect cyberspace participants. The guidelines proposed are based on the American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for use of human subjects in research. An explanation is offered as to how such guidelines can best be applied to the study of Internet communities. The constructs of Group Accessibility (the public/private nature of the actual cyberspace occupied by a group) and Perceived Privacy (the level of privacy that group members assume they have) are defined and proposed as two dimensions by which individual Internet communities may be evaluated in order to assure the ethical reporting of research findings.