Glory Out of Reflected Failure: The examination of how rivalry affects sport fans

Most studies on participant or fan rivalry have employed quantitative methods to investigate the phenomenon (Kilduff et al., 2010, Kimble and Cooper, 1992, Smith and Schwartz, 2003). The current study adds to the existing literature by using qualitative analysis to investigate the way fans make meaning of the rivalry. Intercollegiate football and men's basketball fans in the United States were interviewed about their perceptions of their favourite and rival teams, and the enjoyment they experienced when someone other than their favourite team defeated the identified rival. Social identity theory guided the investigation (Tajfel, 1974), and four themes were identified regarding fan reactions to rivalry: (1) socialisation, (2) in-group bias, (3) sense of satisfaction and (4) out-group indirect competition. Further, Glory Out of Reflected Failure (GORFing) extends research on disidentification (Elsbach & Bhattacharya, 2001), in-group bias (Tajfel, 1969, Turner, 1982), and schadenfreude (Heider, 1958) and asserts that fans will rejoice when their rival team has been defeated in indirect competition. Findings from the current study provide academics and administrators many avenues to further the understanding of fan social psychology and sport rivalry. Theoretical and practical implications of the current study along with areas for future research are presented.     

水族乡村小学教育现状及教育困境分析——以贵州三都水族自治县扬拱小学为例

以扬拱小学为个案,通过田野调查的方法对水族地区小学教育现状进行考察并对其现状原因进行分析,原因主要包括学生的主观能动性差,学习生活环境极端恶劣,教材内容难度偏大、内容偏离本地实际以及学校硬,软件严重不足又过度强调素质教育、个性化发展的教育政策等,针对上述问题提出加强硬件投入,加大师资投入,优化教学方法等解决方案,以引起对水族乡村教育的关注。     

Colorimetric measurement of anxiety: A clinical and experimental procedure∗

This study investigated the effects of leader structuring style (attention to group interaction procedures) on group member satisfaction and communication performance when the task‐orientation of group members varied. Results indicated little difference in the behavior of high task‐oriented subjects regardless of whether they interacted with structuring or nonstructuring leaders. Subjects low in task‐orientation, however, were significantly more satisfied with their leader and their group's task performance, and were rated by judges of discussion tapes as being in higher quality discussion groups and as making more communication skills statements and fewer social‐emotional contributions when they worked with structuring leaders than when they worked with nonstructuring leaders.     

拉、派价格指数的平均数形式及其应用

测定大规模商品总体价格综合动态，要编制拉，派指数变形的平均数指数，消费价格指数按拉氏平均数形式编制的原理与方法。拉，派指数平均数形式怎样应用于空间指数的编制。     

消费社会下电视媒体的女性话语建构的得与失

文章通过分析明确了时尚类女性节目负担着重新建构新女性形象的重任。同时,提出了媒体应该改进时尚类节目,取其精华、去其糟粕,应该内外兼修,构建女性气质。     

个体工商户参照《消费者权益保护法》予以适用的条件

个体工商户的性质决定了它购买商品可能为个人或家庭消费使用,也可能为经营或职业之用。为此,我们必须寻找将个体工商户二重角色剥离开来的标准,以确定个体工商户在何时可以享受《消费者权益保护法》的保护。这方面可以借鉴德国法和英国法的经验。如果个体工商户＂在营业的过程中＂,则可以推定其是作为个人经营者从事生产或经营活动,此时不宜将其纳入《消费者权益保护法》的保护范围;如果个体工商户＂不在营业的过程中＂,则是自然人,属于消费者,应该纳入《消费者权益保护法》的保护范围。关于＂在营业的过程中＂的认定,需要考察缔约时买受人的身份、所购商品是否为经营的必需部分、购买行为是否具有一定的规律性和经常性、事后商品被使用的情况、所购商品是否重新进入流通领域而转卖出去等因素。     

PUBLIC LIBRARY COOPERATION AND COOPERATIVES:

This paper traces the development of interlibrary cooperation in the United States during the twentieth century. Unstructured cooperation, indicated by such activities as the National Union Catalog at the Library of Congress (1901) and the first interlibrary loan code (1917), continues today. Since World War II, structured cooperation, including regional networks, special activities, and multipurpose cwperatives, has become more prominent. A definition of library cooperation is offered, and differences between the terms system, network, and consortium are explored. Probable future develop ments in library cwperation are mentioned, including applications of computer technology and potential political benefits of multitype library cooperation.     

Patterns of Social Support Communicated in Response to Expressions of Uncertainty in an Online Community of Young Adults with Cancer

In order to develop more effective ways of helping adolescents and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors cope with cancer-related uncertainty, it is important to understand how AYAs respond communicatively to each other's uncertainty. We designed this project to gain insight into the patterns of social support that occur in response to AYAs' expressions of uncertainty. We analyzed 510 responses to posts in an AYA-focused online discussion group. Eighty-two percent of messages responding to uncertainty contained informational support. Sixty-seven percent contained multiple types of support. Among medical, personal, and social sources of uncertainty, the most typical response tended to be a combination of informational support accompanied by emotional and/or esteem support. AYAs who express uncertainty in online support groups should be advised that their posts are likely to be met with information, such as advice and referrals, which may either facilitate or impede their uncertainty management goals.     

Online Searching for Information on Medical Devices

Librarians located in a 560-bed, inner city academic medical center with 25,000 + admissions per year planned and opened a Patient and Family Education Center (PFEC) in the lobby of a new patient care pavilion. A review of use in the first 19 months revealed that expected needs were being met while a variety of unexpected needs were identified. Ongoing use continues to be monitored by a detailed log of patron visits maintained by library staff. This article describes the evolution of the Patient and Family Education Center, outreach to the hospital community, and plans for the future.     

The Librarian's Role in Linking Patients to Their Personal Health Data and Contextual Information

The objective of this project was to make an institution's patients aware of a new patient portal with contextual links to MedlinePlus. Through partnerships with information technology personnel and LSU Health Shreveport clinics, the Health Sciences Library created and distributed promotional and educational materials and instructed patients on how to use MyChart and access reliable consumer health information via MedlinePlus Connect. Although most patients were not interested in coming to the library for demonstrations, many of them expressed interest in using MyChart. The contextual information in MedlinePlus Connect worked well for most topics. The institutional team leader for MyChart expressed gratitude for librarian involvement.