The home advantage in sport competitions: Courneya and Carron's (1992) conceptual framework a decade later

This paper had three aims. The first was to review research carried out on the home advantage from 1992 to the present. The second was to examine the extent to which a conceptual framework proposed by Courneya and Carron () was/is viable as a tool to highlight and organize an understanding of the home advantage. The final aim was to provide suggestions for future research.     

Home advantage in speed skating: Evidence from individual data

Home advantage is a well-documented phenomenon in many sports. Home advantage has been shown to exist for team sports (soccer, hockey, football, baseball, basketball) and for countries organizing sports tournaments like the Olympics and World Cup Soccer. There is also some evidence for home advantage in some individual sports, but there is a much more limited literature. This paper addresses the issue of home advantage in speed skating. From a methodological point of view, it is difficult to identify home advantage, because skaters vary in their abilities and the conditions of tournaments vary. There is a small but significant home advantage using a generalized linear mixed model, with random effects for skaters and fixed effects for skating rinks and seasons. Even though the home advantage effect exists, it is very small when compared to variation in skating times due to differences of rinks and individual abilities.     

Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English Premiership football

Abstract

Officiating bias is thought to contribute to home advantage. Recent research has shown that sports with subjective officiating tend to experience greater home advantage and that referees' decisions can be influenced by crowd noise, but little work has been done to examine whether individual referees vary in their home bias or whether biased decisions contribute to overall home advantage. We develop an ordinal regression model to determine whether various measures of home advantage are affected by the official for the match and by crowd size while controlling for team ability. We examine 5244 English Premier League (EPL) match results involving 50 referees and find that home bias differs between referees. Individual referees give significantly different levels of home advantage, measured as goal differential between the home and away teams, although the significance of this result depends on one referee with a particularly high home advantage (an outlier). Referees vary significantly and robustly in their yellow card and penalty differentials even excluding the outlier. These results confirm that referees are responsible for some of the observed home advantage in the EPL and suggest that home advantage is dependent on the subjective decisions of referees that vary between individuals. We hypothesize that individual referees respond differently to factors such as crowd noise and suggest further research looking at referees' psychological and behavioural responses to biased crowds.     

普通高校篮球教学训练中快攻意识的培养与成效研究

根据篮球运动的特点和当代篮球的发展趋势,结合高校教学的进一步改革以及青年学生参与篮球运动中的快攻意识形成及临场运用过程,对青年学生快攻意识的培养及成效进行探讨.认为篮球快攻意识是一个较为复杂的、细腻的,并且需要长期学习和培养的连续性过程,是通过反复练习和比赛实践逐渐积累形成的.在对学生进行篮球技术、战术教学的同时,必须有计划、有目的、有步骤地进行课堂教学比赛进攻快攻意识的科学训练方法,并使之贯穿于整个阶段教学过程、训练过程中,使快攻意识与其它战术意识和技、战术训练密切结合,并有效和谐的发展.     

诗词翻译中的审美距离与含蓄的审美效果

含蓄是中国文学语言中的重要属性,它不仅可以拉开读者与文学作品间的距离,在赋予文学作品张力的同时,给读者驰骋想象的空间。在翻译活动中,译者在适当的审美距离之内充分发挥其主观能动性,把握好原文中的含蓄表达和蕴含情感,从而使译文读者在译文阅读过程中获得与原文读者尽可能相似的审美感受,也使译文获得与原文相似的审美效果。     

电子商务与传统商务的经济环境差异分析

网络经济的出现，带来了一场商业革命，改变了传统的商贸方式。传统的工业生产是一个大批量的资源密集型产品生产过程，经济动作基本上是按古典经济学的规律进行。经济活动是相对均衡有序的。在网络经济条件下，西方经济学的一些基本原则的理念出现了革命性的变化。这主要表现在：由收益递减转变为收益递增，由不完全竞争转变为完全竞争，由计划和控制的管理转变为创新和调整的管理，从有限的内部空间转向虚拟的、综合型部门的融合，这就改变了企业的理念和营销模式，推动了产业的重组和调整，促进了经济全球化。     

门限扩展解调器方案探讨

探讨和比较载波通讯中采用的各种门限扩展解调器，分析和比较锁相环门限扩展解调器、频率负反馈解调器、尖峰噪声抵消法解调器、跟踪滤波器解调器的基本原理及实现方法。     

大学体育课重复教学的负效应分析

本文就高校体育教学中重复教学的现象进行理论分析,发现了形成重复教学的原因,和它对教学管理以及教学质量的影响,并对此提出几点建议。     

浅论对话学习

对话是一种两个或两个以上主体的交流、讨论活动。“对话学习”是将对话同时作为目的和手段的学习方式。该学习方式有着坚实的心理学基础,包括社会建构主义学习论、智力的社会性发展论、认知精制和认知负荷论等,同时,它具有视界拓展、共同创生、多维检测、动机促进、潜能释放等多种学习效应。     

浅议字幕机在视频系统中的迎接和使用

字幕机是音像教材制作必不可少的设备之一，将其以不同的方式与视频系统相互连接，与视频切换台相互配合，取长补短，方能产生完美的特技效果。