教育考试中的认知诊断评估

认知诊断评估是教育和心理测量学界新兴起的一项技术,主要是在传统考试基础上,为学生提供诊断信息,即提供关于学生对知识/技能掌握情况的信息,对教育教学具有重要的实际价值。本文以认知诊断评估为研究对象,着重分析开展认知诊断评估工作的基本流程,以期为我国教育工作开展认知诊断评估提供参考。     

DINA模型项目参数偏差对知识状态估计的影响

近年来关于DINA模型的相关研究显示,样本量、先验分布、经验贝叶斯或完全贝叶斯估计方法、样本的代表性、项目功能差异和Q阵误指等,均可能是导致DINA项目参数估计发生偏差的原因。使用Monte Carlo模拟试验,对DINA项目参数(猜测参数和失误参数)的组合变化类型和偏差量进行考察,通过条件极大似然估计法估计知识状态,发现项目参数估计值与真值偏差不大时,对知识状态估计的精度影响不大;但是项目参数偏离真值较大时,尤其是在三种组合类型上,对属性掌握存在明显的高估或低估现象。研究结果对于诊断测验等值有一定的启示:若两个测验上锚题的项目参数出现了较大的偏差(0.1),则需要考虑等值的必要性。     

工程液压系统故障检测与诊断技术

本文分析工程液压系统故障的特点，研究工程液压系统故障检测与诊断技术的发展；建立故障现场检测与诊断法，从而提高液压系统工作的稳定性和可靠性。     

Case-based learning with worked examples in complex domains: Two experimental studies in undergraduate medical education

To investigate the effects of example format (erroneous examples vs. correct examples) and feedback format (elaborated feedback vs. knowledge of results feedback) on medical students' diagnostic competence in the context of a web-based learning environment containing case-based worked examples, two studies with a 2 × 2 design were conducted in the laboratory. In the first study (domain: arterial hypertension; N = 153) erroneous examples were effective in combination with elaborated feedback with respect to strategic and conditional knowledge. In the second study (domain: hyperthyroidism, N = 124), elaborated feedback supported all aspects of diagnostic competence, especially conditional knowledge.     

英语测试中的认知诊断研究

认知诊断测试可以反映受试的知识结构和分项技能掌握情况,为受试提供详细的反馈信息.本文简要介绍了认知诊断的原理和步骤,总结了国内外英语测试领域的认知诊断研究已取得的进展,并指出目前该领域尚存的问题远大于已取得的成就,在未来的研究中需要设计严格意义上的认知诊断测试,探索检验Q矩阵效度的多种方法并开展诊断结果促学的实证研究.     

Installation of an environmental monitoring system in the Chapel of Our Lady of Guia,Macau

Built in the early seventeenth century, the Chapel of Our Lady of Guia is one of the most important heritage sites in the historic centre of Macau. Its architectural features and wall paintings with Chinese and Western characteristics reflect the historical status of Macau as a hub for cultural exchange between China and the West. Since signs of deterioration have been observed on the wall paintings in recent years, it is very urgent and necessary to conserve them. In this paper, we will introduce the modern diagnostic techniques applied in the course of their conservation, including 3D laser scanning, high-definition digital photography, environmental monitoring, thermal infrared imaging, microwave scanning and penetration resistance tests. Comprehensive information on the current state of the wall paintings is collected, providing a solid foundation for their scientific preservation.     

Studies of biochemical parameters in breast cancer with and without metastasis

The study includes 102 confirmed cases of carcinoma breast with and without metastasis and 25 healthy non-pregnant females. They were evaluated for blood levels of Ferritin, GSH, LDH, ALP, GGT and Hb before and 21 days after mastectomy. A significant increase (p<0.001) was observed in ferritin, LDH and GSH levels in cancer patients without metastasis in comparison to normal control subjects. Patients with metastasis had further elevated (p<0.001) levels of Ferritin, ALP and GGT as compared to non-metastatic patients. Mastectomy in both the cases i.e. with and without metastasis resulted in non-significant decrease in all the biochemical parameters suggesting that longer follow up could confirm post surgery decrease in the biochemical parameters. The results of the study suggest cost effective, usefulness of Ferritin, ALP, GGT and GSH/Hb ratio in differentiating breast cancer patients with and without metastasis which can be assayed in smaller laboratories.     

Validation of the diagnostic tool for assessing Tertiary students’ readiness for online learning

Increasing numbers of educational institutions are adopting an online approach to teaching and learning; however, little regard has been given to the prerequisite personal and technical qualities required for academic achievement and satisfaction within this environment. In recognition of this, researchers have been exploring the design, development and testing of diagnostic tools to assess student readiness for online learning. This study builds on previous work by the authors to further validate their diagnostic tool for assessing Tertiary students’ readiness for online learning (TSROL) which has four subscales: ‘Technical skills’, ‘Computer self‐efficacy’, ‘Learner preferences’ and ‘Attitudes towards computers’. Factor and reliability analyses revealed that Technical skills and Computer self‐efficacy possessed good reliability and validity, and ‘Attitudes towards computers’ fair reliability and validity. However, ‘Learner preferences’ required revision as it possessed poor reliability and validity. Analysing the demographic data revealed that older students had lower Technical Skills and computer self‐efficacy than younger students. The TSROL can be improved by adopting a more multidimensional interpretation of the Learning preferences and Attitudes towards computers subscales.     

从评估走向诊断的职业教育评价

诊断性评价、形成性评价和总结性评价是当前普遍采用的三种典型的评价方法。本文在介绍了这三种评价各自特点的基础上,指出根据我国职业教育发展状况,诊断性评价是当前最为适当的一种评价方式。文章分析了诊断性评价的优越性,说明了它的特点、过程和局限性,并以学校教育的专业建设为例,阐述了诊断性评价的工作步骤和诊断要点,分析了当前诊断性评价存在的问题和改进建议。文章认为诊断性评价将发展成为职业教育评价的主流     

杭州1997年7月持续性暴雨分析

对杭州１９９７年７月持续性暴雨期的相关物理量作了计算和形势分析,研究了物理量对梅雨锋上暴雨所起的作用。结果表明,大气环流的调整,副高强度的明显变化,高低空急汉的耦合作用,低层耦合高空强辐散的配置以及切变线上不断有中小尺诬系统的生消东移,与暴雨的形成一持续－结束有较好的对应关系。