Teacher and child talk in active learning and whole‐class contexts: some implications for children from economically less advantaged home backgrounds

This paper reports the experiences of 150 children and six primary teachers when active learning pedagogies were introduced into the first year of primary schools. Although active learning increased the amount of talk between children, those from socio‐economically advantaged homes talked more than those from less advantaged homes. Also, individual children experienced very little time engaged in high‐quality talk with the teacher, despite the teachers spending over one‐third of their time responding to children's needs and interests. Contextual differences, such as the different staffing ratios in schools and pre‐schools, may affect how well the benefits of active learning transfer from pre‐school contexts into primary schools. Policy‐makers and teachers should pay particular attention to the implications of this for the education of children from economically less advantaged home backgrounds.     

小剂量尿激酶加法安明在脑梗塞早期的应用

目的 :研究小剂量尿激酶和法安明在脑梗塞早期应用的临床疗效。方法 :将 10 8例脑梗塞患者分为三组 ,分别采用小剂量尿激酶治疗 (简称尿激酶组 ) ;小剂量尿激酶加法安明治疗 (简称联合组 ) ;传统疗法 (简称对照组 )。治疗前后采用欧洲卒中评分法进行神经功能评分。结果 :治疗前各组分数无显著性差异 ,治疗后联合组 >尿激酶组 >对照组 ,差异均有显著性。联合组的卒中继续进展及再梗塞发生率明显降低。结论 :小剂量尿激酶与法安明联用能有效阻止血栓进展 ,减少再梗塞 ,有利于神经功能恢复 ,疗效显著而无明显副作用。     

Aged-based differences in spatial language skills from 6 to 10 years: Relations with spatial and mathematics skills

Spatial language is the language of spatial concepts and spatial relationships. Prior research has demonstrated an association between spatial language and spatial thinking in pre-school children. However, there is limited evidence exploring age-based differences in spatial language in older childhood. This cross-sectional study has three main aims. First, we present a novel spatial language measure and show differences in spatial language performance across age groups from 6 to 10 years (N = 155). Second, having demonstrated that our measure is sensitive to age-based progression, we use regression analyses to determine relations between spatial language and performance on a range of spatial tasks (r²:1.2%–9.0%). Third, we investigate the relations between spatial language and different mathematics skills (r²:0.2%–15.4%) and propose mechanisms that may explain these associations. We discuss how these findings lay a foundation for future spatial language interventions as a novel tool which may lead to educational improvements in mathematics.     

儿童中期依恋的变化及其测量

作为一种生命全程的现象,依恋一直是心理学研究者关注的焦点之一,但近半个世纪的依恋研究文献却相对鲜有儿童中期依恋的深入分析。与婴幼儿时期相比,儿童中期的依恋呈现出依恋行为频率、引发条件、依恋对象范围等多方面的变化,这些变化给这个阶段的依恋研究带来诸多挑战,最后介绍了儿童中期依恋测量的现状并对未来研究进行了展望。     

Contemporary trends and developments in early childhood education in China

Early childhood education in China has gone through a century‐long development process and has made great progress in the past two decades. Contemporary early childhood education is becoming diverse in its forms and educational approaches, and is aligning itself with the increasingly open and diversified society. It is clear that early childhood education in China is strongly influenced by sociocultural changes and reflects the hybrid of traditional, communist and Western cultures. We should re‐think what happened in past years and continue to promote reform and development in early childhood education.     

Assessing Standards in the “Real” Kindergarten Classroom

The importance of using standards as key components in the curriculum is documented in both popular and professional literature. One aspect of integrating standards into the curriculum is the role of assessment. The focus of this paper is to prepare early childhood teachers to assess children's knowledge of the standards within the routines and centers provided in the kindergarten learning environment. Teachers can use this information to develop authentic assessment strategies which typically occurs in a child's learning during center and group time.     

汪曾祺童年经验对小说创作的影响

文章论述了汪曾祺“丰富性童年经验”对其创作的影响:(一)童年视角的采用(二)和谐氛围的追求(三)别致的风俗画描写(四)快乐的回忆之歌。     

幼儿教师的素质、应对方式与幼儿问题行为的相关研究

目的筛查影响幼儿心理健康的因素,为幼儿教师完善其教育实践提供心理学依据。方法选取沧州第二幼儿园100名教师和230名幼儿进行问卷调查,用SPss12．0对调查结果进行统计分析。结论幼儿问题行为有显著的性别差异和年龄差异;教师素质中的情绪因子和应对方式中的解决问题方式与幼儿的问题行为存在显著的负相关。合理化方式与幼儿的问题行为存在显著的正相关。     

Analysing conflicting approaches to dyslexia on a European project: moving to a more strategic,participatory, strength-based and integrated approach

This paper draws from our experiences of an EU Life Long Learning Programme Project: GATE Understanding Dyslexia Phenomena Between Pre-Primary And Primary (2009–2011) to discuss different conceptual positions concerning dyslexia. It compares medical notions of dyslexia with perspectives from childhood and disability studies to question the ways in which we encourage children, parents and professionals to understand dyslexia in educational settings. In so doing, it highlights a contrast between medical literature, social model perspectives and practical approaches among the contrasting work contexts of the partners of the GATE project. The paper indicates that the GATE partners found there was a lack of clarity concerning theory and policy on dyslexia across their countries. The paper compares different practices concerning dyslexia in Bulgaria, Spain, Italy, Turkey and Scotland and concludes there is a need to balance out impairment-specific approaches with those that are based on more political notions of inclusion, community and relationship-building.     

Schematising activities in early childhood education

The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of introducing schematising to children in early childhood and to determine whether schematising can be taught to children. This was done using a longitudinal, quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design (N = 133). In this study, the use of schematising was taught to an experimental group of children to determine if it is possible to realise significantly improved results in schematising tasks for an experimental group in comparison to a control group of children who were not taught schematising. Pupils in the experimental group demonstrated significantly better results on schematising, which cannot be explained by maturation. In our future research, we will investigate the mathematical performances of these experimental and control groups in the next grade of the primary school curriculum.