思想政治教育的主体与不同年龄段客体之间的合力机制研究

思想政治教育活动的是需要思想政治教育主客体的积极合作才能成功实现的,是二者“合力”作用的结果,物理学上讲同方向两个分力叠加,合力效果最大,如果把思想政治教育的主客体比喻成两个“分力”那么二者之间的关系就可以看做两个“分力”之间的“角度”。本文以思想政治教育主体为切入点以年龄为基准将思想政治教育的客体分为：老、中、青,三代,其思想各有特点,思想政治教育的方式方法也因客体的年龄差异而有所不同。本文旨在表明如何把握不同年龄阶段的思想政治教育客体与主体之间的关系,确定其最适宜的“角度”,以使思想政治教育工作达到最优的效果。     

A new approach to determining net impulse and identification of its characteristics in countermovement jumping: reliability and validity

Examining a countermovement jump (CMJ) force-time curve related to net impulse might be useful in monitoring athletes' performance. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of alternative net impulse calculation and net impulse characteristics (height, width, rate of force development, shape factor, and proportion) and validate against the traditional calculation in the CMJ. Twelve participants performed the CMJ in two sessions (48 hours apart) for test–retest reliability. Twenty participants were involved for the validity assessment. Results indicated intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of ≥ 0.89 and coefficient of variation (CV) of ≤ 5.1% for all of the variables except for rate of force development (ICC = 0.78 and CV = 22.3%). The relationship between the criterion and alternative calculations was r = 1.00. While the difference between them was statistically significant (245.96 ± 63.83 vs. 247.14 ± 64.08 N s, p < 0.0001), the effect size was trivial and deemed practically minimal (d = 0.02). In conclusion, variability of rate of force development will pose a greater challenge in detecting performance changes. Also, the alternative calculation can be used practically in place of the traditional calculation to identify net impulse characteristics and monitor and study athletes' performance in greater depth.     

试论创作原动力对美术创作的影响

影响创作活动的一个重要因素是原动力．美术创作的原动力不外乎主动和被动两种，或称有意识和无意识。主动创作的美术作品其艺术表现力有一定的局限性，被动（无意识）驱动下创造出的美术作品（被动创作作品）其艺术感染力更强烈、震撼，艺术韵味更深远、悠长，是美术创作领域的灵魂。     

航运服务集聚区的发展演化机理

为研究航运服务集聚区的发展演化机理,在对服务集聚区研究分析的基础上,对航运服务业的类别,航运服务集聚区的内涵、发展演化机理、发展演化阶段、发展演化的分析框架和发展演化动力进行较为系统的定性分析.通过上海市北外滩航运服务集聚区案例对航运服务集聚区的发展演化机理进行实证分析,并在此基础上提出我国航运服务集聚区的未来发展思路...     

试论第二战场开辟的作用

第二战场的开辟对于整个反法西斯战争的结局起着至关重要的作用。它的开辟打击和消耗了德军的军事力量，加强了苏美英之间的团结合作，减轻了苏德战场上苏军的压力，增强了欧洲人民反法西斯斗争的信心和勇气，从而保证了欧洲反法西斯战争取得全面胜利。     

论拍胸舞的表现力及其体育健身价值

文章以闽南拍胸舞为研究对象,它是先民以舞蹈的形式,体现驱疾逐疬,迎吉纳福为内核的一种古巫现象。通过它实现人与神灵的交流。现今,它仍被广为流传,尤其在泉州地区。拍胸舞作为祭祀的主要手段的同时,还有强身健体的作用。本文从体育保健学,运动生理学和体育心理学的视角探讨拍胸舞。通过分析一个原来纯为宗教祭祀的民间舞蹈之所以能逐步发展成为以娱乐和体育健身为主的大众活动项目的原因,进而体现出拍胸舞所蕴涵的体育健身功能。     

The effect of pedal crank arm length on joint angle and power production in upright cycle ergometry

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of five pedal crank arm lengths (110, 145, 180, 230 and 265 mm) on hip, knee and ankle angles and on the peak, mean and minimum power production of 11 males (26.6 +/- 3.8 years, 179 +/- 8 cm, 79.6 +/- 9.5 kg) during upright cycle ergometry. Computerized 30 s Wingate power tests were performed on a free weight Monark cycle ergometer against a resistance of 8.5% body weight. Joint angles were determined, with an Ariel Performance Analysis System, from videotape recorded at 100 Hz. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and contrast comparisons revealed that, with increasing crank arm lengths, there was a significant decrement in the minimum hip and knee angles, a significant increment in the ranges of motion of the joints, and a parabolic curve to describe power production. The largest peak and mean powers occurred with a crank arm length of 180 mm. We conclude that 35 mm changes in pedal crank arm length significantly alter both hip and knee joint angles and thus affect cycling performance.     

The influence of cadence and power output on force application and in-shoe pressure distribution during cycling by competitive and recreational cyclists

The aim of this study was to determine the response of cyclists to manipulations of cadence and power output in terms of force application and plantar pressure distribution. Two groups of cyclists, 17 recreational and 12 competitive, rode at three nominal cadences (60, 80, 100 rev min -1 ) and four power outputs (100, 200, 300, 400 W) while simultaneous force and in-shoe pressure data were collected. Two piezoelectric triaxial force transducers mounted in the right pedal measured components of the pedal force and orientation, and a discrete transducer system with 12 transducers recorded the in-shoe pressures. Force application was characterized by calculating peak resultant and peak effective pedal forces and positive and negative impulses. In-shoe pressures were analysed as peak pressures and as the percent relative load. The force data showed no significant group effect but there was a cadence and power main effect. The impulse data showed a significant three-way interaction. Increased cadence resulted in a decreased positive impulse, while increased power output resulted in an increased impulse. The competitive group produced less positive impulse but the difference became less at higher cadences. Few between-group differences were found in pressure, notable only in the pressure under the first metatarsal region. This showed a consistent pattern of in-shoe pressure distribution, where the primary loading structures were the first metatarsal and hallux. There was no indication that pressure at specific sites influenced the pedal force application. The absence of group differences indicated that pressure distribution was not the result of training, but reflected the intrinsic relationship between the foot, the shoe and the pedal.