运动生理学课程的教学改革

运动生理学是体育院校学生必修的专业基础理论课．但目前教材陈旧,内容繁多,传统的教学模式和落后的教学方法已不能满足现代教学的需要．根据运动生理学的学科特点并结合教学现状,就教材、教学内容、教学方法及考试方式等方面的改革及如何提高教学质量进行了探讨．     

Measuring physical activity in field studies: Comparison of a questionnaire, 24-hour recall and an accelerometer

Abstract

In a field setting, we compared a physical activity questionnaire (SQUASH), a 24-hour recall measure (Physical Activity Scale; PAS), and an accelerometer to: (1) quantify the amount of time spent in light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity; (2) calculate activity scores; and (3) categorize participants by physical activity tertiles. For 7 consecutive days, 103 participants (61% males, 39% females; mean age 36.8 years, mean body mass index 26.6 kg·m^?2) wore an accelerometer and completed the PAS. Immediately before these 7 days, the participants completed the SQUASH and underwent anthropometric measurements (weight and height). Time spent in light (<3 METs), moderate (3–6 METs), and vigorous (≥6 METs) activity was calculated. Significant correlations were observed between the PAS and accelerometer in the population as a whole (r=0.66, P<0.001), the males (r=0.76, P<0.001), participants of normal weight (r=0.62, P<0.05), and those who were overweight (r=0.53, P<0.01). Correlations between the SQUASH and accelerometer were only significant for males (r=0.62, P<0.05) and overweight individuals (r=0.40, P<0.05). Moderate agreement was observed between tertiles for the accelerometer and PAS activity scores in the overall population (weighted kappa =0.47; 95% confidence interval =0.27–0.67) but not between the accelerometer and SQUASH. In conclusion, a 7-day administration of the PAS is a useful measure for classification of physical activity in the population studied. The SQUASH has practical advantages in terms of convenience of administration, but its usefulness in estimating physical activity is limited.     

大学生锻炼行为与高校体育教学改革的设想

采用调查研究等方法，对当代大学生的体育锻炼的现状及影响因素进行了分析。在此基础上提出了高校体育教学改革的设想，即建立新的教材体系和内容，改革传统教学方法和考核方式，加强教师队伍自身素质。培养大学生终身体育锻炼意识，行为习惯，实现学校体育与社会体育接轨。     

健身运动处方锻炼对男大学生心泵功能与血压的影响

影响体质与健康的重要因素之一是心血管功能。纵观全国三次大规模的大学生体质测试结果,都显示大学生心功能有下降的趋势。因此,如何有针对性的通过体育锻炼提高大学生心血管功能,是我们应该重视并尽快解决的问题。本研究研制不同性质的健身运动处方,指导男大学生进行课外体育锻炼,观察不同性质健身运动处方锻炼对心血管功能的影响。结果表明:本研究制定的速度、耐力、篮球、足球、排球与全面锻炼6套健身运动处方对增强男大学生的心泵血功能有较强的作用,力量、耐力、健美操及排球运动处方对改善血管功能有较好的效果。     

综合治疗运动员腕舟骨骨折总结与思考

腕舟骨骨折是一种常见的运动损伤，因其早期临床症状不明显，常被误诊为腕关节软组织挫伤，贻误治疗。本文通过对运动员腕舟骨骨折的临床治疗观察与总结，认为正骨固定配合中药薰洗和功能锻炼治疗腕舟骨骨折效果最佳。对于运动员腕舟骨骨折的疗效判断采用患侧与健侧对比法，用关节运动幅度测量仪测量桡腕关节的运动幅度为指标较好。     

体育锻炼习惯的形成机制和影响因素研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法和重要性指数分忻,对体育锻炼习惯的形成机制和影响因素进行研究。结果表明:体育锻炼习惯形成的机制是生理、心理和社会需求所产生锻炼行为的结果符合行为的动机目标,并在一定的条件保障下,就会促使锻炼行为不断重复、强化,从而形成习惯。影响体育锻炼习惯形成的主要因素为体育认识水平、体育的兴趣爱好、锻炼效果和情感体验。     

Estimating the real growth effects of blockbuster art exhibits: A time series approach

This paper addresses the evaluation of real growth forecasts made by impact studies. Intervention analysis is used to estimate the ex post impact of blockbuster exhibits on economic growth in Jackson, Mississippi (chosen because state and local governments provide regular subsidies to finance the exhibitions). Non-farm employment measures real economic growth and dummy variables capture the occurrence of the exhibitions. Univariate time series techniques identify and estimate a stationary process after filtering the data for seasonal and cyclical effects. The analysis estimates the short run impact on Jackson’s filtered employment series due to the blockbuster exhibitions as approximately 700 jobs.     

表面肌电图在人体运动研究中的应用

肌肉运动时会有微小的生物电变化，表面肌电图作为一种无创的检测方法来检测这种生物电变化。运动时肌电图的振幅、频率等指标均会产生相应的变化，而且这些变化与运动方式、运动状态、肌肉疲劳密切相关。     

运动损伤的应激反应与康复的PST干预策略

尽管受伤的心理应激研究仍然处于初始阶段。通过对受伤后的情绪反应,自尊以及运动员康复中情绪烦扰的效应的相关文献回顾,反映该领域研究的进展,同时也讨论在快速康复运动员中使用的PST干预策略。     

大强度训练对自行车运动员淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞活性的影响

本文观察了大强度训练对自行车运动员外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞活性的影响。实验结果发现,经过四周大强度训练,CD8 细胞比例显著上升(P<0.05),CD4 /CD8 比值显著下降(P<0.05),NK细胞活性显著下降(P<0.05)。提示大强度训练造成机体免疫功能下降与抑制性T淋巴细胞过度激活,继发造成免疫平衡失常和NK细胞活性下降有关。