Funding higher education and wage uncertainty: Income contingent loan versus mortgage loan

We propose a simple theoretical model which shows how the combined effect of wage uncertainty and risk aversion can modify the individual willingness to pay for a HE system financed by an ICL or a ML. We calibrate our model using real data from the 1970 British Cohort Survey together with the features of the English HE financing system. We allow for individual heterogeneity by considering different family backgrounds and occupations. We find that graduates from poor families, males and graduates working in the private sector are more willing to pay to switch to an ICL. Using the UK Labour Force Survey we evaluate the distributive effects of our model. We compute the repayment burdens and taxpayer subsidies for average, low and high earnings graduates. The results confirm the important insurance benefits of an ICL compared to a ML, with lower burdens and higher subsidies for poorer graduates.     

Do tuition fees affect enrollment behavior? Evidence from a ‘natural experiment’ in Germany

This paper uses the introduction of tuition fees in seven of the sixteen German states in 2007 as a natural experiment to identify the effects of tuition prices on enrollment probabilities. Based on information on enrollment decisions of the entire population of high-school graduates between 2002 and 2008, I find a negative effect of tuition fees on enrollment behavior. The effect is larger than in existing studies for European countries, but of a similar magnitude as effects identified with U.S. data. A potential spill-over effect of the policy intervention to the comparison group is accounted for by using the estimation results to calibrate a structural model of the enrollment decision.     

尖晶石型复合氧化物MAl_2O_4（M=Sr,Ba）的制备、表征及可见光催化性能研究

用柠檬酸络合法制备了尖晶石型复合氧化物SrAl2O4、BaAl2O4,用XRD、TEM等手段对催化剂结构和性能进行了表征,并考察了其在可见光下降解刚果红的催化性能。结果表明,在可见光条件下,60 min内BaAl2O4使刚果红降解率达80%以上,SrAl2O4降解率大约为70%。SrAl2O4的催化活性低于BaAl2O4可能是由于电子层结构的不同造成的。     

“Anti-hero”Feature of Black Humor in Postmodernism Literary Fiction:with“Yossarian”in Catch-22 as an Example

Yossarian is the hero in Catch-22 written by Joseph Heller in 1961,bearing the typical"anti-hero"feature of Black Humor in postmodernism literary fiction.This paper aims at giving some of the examples to make readers clearer of the Black Humor and more familiar with the"anti-hero"feature of Black Humor in postmodernism literary fiction.     

论“反英雄”形象从失败走向胜利

“反英雄”形象内涵丰厚,形式独特。从“反英雄”视角出发,契诃夫用幽默、嘲讽的手法给我们塑造了一个失败的“反英雄”形象,而约瑟夫＆#183;海勒却在《第22条军规》中为我们刻画了一个胜利的“反英雄”形象。二者虽都以一种荒诞怪异的方式揭露出“世界的荒谬”和“人的孤独”,但其作品中主人公的命运和结局却截然不同,由此缔造了失败向胜利的转变。     

Mixed control of uncertain jumping time-delay systems

In this paper, we investigate a class of linear continuous-time systems with Markovian jump parameters. An integral part of the system dynamics is a delayed state with time-varying and bounded delays. The jumping parameters are modeled as a continuous-time, discrete-state Markov process. Employing norm-bounded parametric uncertainties and utilizing the second-method of Lyapunov, we examine the problem of designing a mixed controller which minimizes a quadratic performance measure while satisfying a prescribed -norm bound on the closed-loop system. It is established that sufficient conditions for the existence of the mixed controller and the associated performance upper bound could be cast in the form of linear matrix inequalities.     

船舶制冷空调系统对环境的污染及其控制对策

大气臭氧层的空洞已成为全球环境保护的焦点。中国的远洋运输船队是世界最大的船队之一。由于船用制冷空调系统在海运业的广泛使用,CFCs和HCFCs的使用使全球环境愈加恶化。从环保角度出发,本文介绍了国际上最新的CFCs和HCFCs的禁用日程及动向,比较了几种相对成熟的替代物,并从船舶制冷空调系统的操作和维护角度就如何避免环境污染提出了一些方法     

环境友好高硅沸石分子筛(MCM-22)的动态高效合成

在极低的n(H2O)/n(SiO2)条件下成功地合成了纯相、高结晶度的MCM-22分子筛.具体的合成条件为:n(HMI)/n(SiO2)为0.2～1.0,n(H2O)/n(SiO2)为12～20,n(SiO2)/n(Al2O2)为30～80.与n(H2O)/n(SiO2)=35条件下合成的MCM-22分子筛相比,低n(H2O)/n(SiO2)条件下合成MCM-22分子筛大大降低了HMI和NaOH的用量,不仅有利于降低MCM-22的合成成本,而且减少对环境的污染.     

School quality, clustering and government subsidy in post-apartheid South Africa

This paper examines a range of historical and geographic factors that determine the quality of public school education in post-apartheid South Africa. Empirical analysis shows, first, that population groups are still spatially segregated due to the legacy of apartheid, which implies that, given the positive correlation between school quality and school fees, quality education is concentrated in formerly white, coloured and Indian schools in areas where the majority is non-African. Second, school quality, measured by the learner-educator ratio, improves as school fee and government subsidy increase. In this sense, school fee can be decreased with an increase in government subsidy to maintain school quality. It is also shown that government subsidy is allocated to schools with lower quality and fees, increasing the number of subsidized teachers. To address the current imbalance, financial support to disadvantaged locales and schools should be strengthened further.