论我国行政诉讼合理性审查标准

行政诉讼合理性审查问题是一个重要的、全新的、理论与实践相结合的问题。针对我国现行行政诉讼合理性审查标准存在的缺陷,认为比例适当标准是合理性审查的重要标准,体现了审查标准发展的共同趋势,适应现代行政法治的潮流,是我国行政法治的基本要求。     

New evidence on the validity of the Arnett Caregiver Interaction Scale: Results from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort

The Arnett Caregiver Interaction Scale (CIS) has been widely used in research studies to measure the quality of caregiver–child interactions. The scale was modeled on a well-established theory of parenting, but there are few psychometric studies of its validity. We applied factor analyses and item response theory methods to assess the psychometric properties of the Arnett CIS in a national sample of toddlers in home-based care and preschoolers in center-based care from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. We found that a bifactor structure (one common factor and a second set of specific factors) best fits the data. In the Arnett CIS, the bifactor model distinguishes a common substantive dimension from two methodological dimensions (for positively and negatively oriented items). Despite the good fit of this model, the items are skewed (most teachers/caregivers display positive interactions with children) and, as a result, the Arnett CIS is not well suited to distinguish between caregivers who are “highly” versus “moderately” positive in their interactions with children, according to the items on the scale. Regression-adjusted associations between the Arnett CIS and child outcomes are small, especially for preschoolers in centers. We encourage future scale development work on measures of child care quality by early childhood scholars.     

Validity and quality in action research

The early childhood–school relationship is reported as having points of separation and difference. In particular, early childhood teachers located in a school setting report experiencing a push-down effect. This paper reports on a participatory action research project involving three early childhood teachers working within an independent school. Using lyric poetry as a method of data (re)presentation, the paper argues this method allowed for multiple layers of politics within this context to emerge. Because of this, a more nuanced account of the early childhood–school relationship is uncovered. The paper concludes by arguing that this method offers the possibility of narrating participatory action research in a powerful and respectful form.     

利用统计软件SPSS进行试卷质量分析

试卷质量分析是教学中的一项重要任务,也是教学效果检查的重要依据.质量好的试卷才能准确地反映出学校的教学水平和学生的学习效果.本文抽取我校2007级国际贸易专业两个班级共90份<统计学>考卷作为样本,利用统计软件SPSS13.0来分析试卷的质量,重点演示包括数据录入、分析成绩分布、试卷难度、区分度、信度及效度等内容,从而科学地进行试卷质量分析,提高教学质量和效率.     

Validity and reliability of measures assessing social-cognitive determinants of physical activity in low-active Australian adults

This cross-sectional study of 504 community-dwelling Australian adults (328 females, 176 males, mean age 50.8 ± 13.0 years) sought to examine the reliability and validity of measurement scales for physical activity (PA) self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Participants completed demographic and anthropometric measurements, and a 23-item psychosocial questionnaire pertinent to an intervention target of 10,000 steps per day. Exploratory (n = 252) and confirmatory (n = 252) factor analyses were conducted to determine psychometric properties of the measures. Based on theory and goodness-of-fit indices, six factors were extracted from the questionnaire: PA self-efficacy; PA barriers self-efficacy (including general, personal, and conflict); and physical and mental outcome expectations. From confirmatory factor analysis, the model demonstrated good data fit in four out of five indices: CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.03; RMSEA = 0.03, 90%CI = 0.01–0.05, χ² = 113.14 (88), p = 0.04; including good fit by sex, age, weight status, education, and birth country. PA interventions can employ our psychometrically sound social cognitive measures.     

违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定合同的效力

适用《合同法》第52条第五项规定时,应对强制性规定作限定性的解释和具体分析,真正从尊重当事人的意思自治、维护合同自由、鼓励市场交易出发,结合具体案情,综合各种因素去设定合同的效力,应尽量减少无效合同的认定,以最大限度地实现私法精神。     

Measuring strategic processing: comparing task-specific self-reports to traces

This research compares the strategic processing reported on right after the completion of a reading task with physical traces of the same strategies that were found in the study materials. In addition, both task-specific self-reports and traces of strategies were used to predict performance, both in the task context where the strategy data were generated and in another context. Using a sample of 177 Norwegian tenth-grade students, a quite close correspondence was found between learners’ task-specific self-reports about strategies and the strategies traced in the study materials. Moreover, both self-reports and traces of strategies predicted performance not only on the specific reading task but also beyond that context, on the PISA literacy tests. In both contexts, however, strategy data that traced what learners actually did when working on the reading task seemed to predict performance better than did task-specific self-reports.     

聚焦中国学生，探寻测试奥妙——《英语测试与中国学生》述评

关于英语考试与中国学生的论述只是零散见诸学术期刊,从未被集中讨论。English Language Assessment and the Chinese Learner（《英语测试与中国学生》）一书弥补了这一缺憾。该书借用语言测试专家Bachman的评估,使用论证理论框架对考试效度和考试使用进行了全面细致的讨论。为英语测试与中国学生研究提供了重要的参考资料。     

Meta-analysis of faculty's teaching effectiveness: Student evaluation of teaching ratings and student learning are not related

Student evaluation of teaching (SET) ratings are used to evaluate faculty's teaching effectiveness based on a widespread belief that students learn more from highly rated professors. The key evidence cited in support of this belief are meta-analyses of multisection studies showing small-to-moderate correlations between SET ratings and student achievement (e.g., Cohen, 1980, Cohen, 1981; Feldman, 1989). We re-analyzed previously published meta-analyses of the multisection studies and found that their findings were an artifact of small sample sized studies and publication bias. Whereas the small sample sized studies showed large and moderate correlation, the large sample sized studies showed no or only minimal correlation between SET ratings and learning. Our up-to-date meta-analysis of all multisection studies revealed no significant correlations between the SET ratings and learning. These findings suggest that institutions focused on student learning and career success may want to abandon SET ratings as a measure of faculty's teaching effectiveness.