新闻史研究:“问题”与“理论”

中国新闻史研究应该力避没有生命力的流水账,必须要有问题意识,才能以抽象概括的理论语言,总结复杂而具体的历史事实,抽丝剥茧,甚至画龙点睛。理论烛照史料,使我们洞察材料背后曲折的意义和内在联系。但倘若走另一个极端,理论先行,生吞活剥,将中国材料硬塞进宏大社会理论的紧箍咒(例如哈贝马斯的公共领域),这种理论霸道也不足取。本文提倡以默顿的中距理论,联系媒介文本到更大的政治、经济和文化脉络。     

聋哑人体质测试指标的效标关联效度研究

以2005年《国民体质测定标准》（成年人）的体质监测指标体系为基础,运用数理统计法,采用随机抽样的方式对聋哑人体质测试指标进行效标关联效度研究.研究主要包括聋哑人体质测试使用成人指标体系的可操作性实验、聋哑人体质测试指标的效标关联效度研究、小样本的预测试和大样本全面测试的实效性验证三个方面,旨在构建适合聋哑人的体质测试指标体系,为聋哑人体质测试指标体系的建立、试点和全面推广提供帮助.     

苏州市健身俱乐部会员群体健身活动现状调查

健身俱乐部进入中国以来,为人们提供了新的健身方式,且在全民健身的开展中发挥重要作用.本研究通过对苏州市健身俱乐部40名会员健身活动现状进行了深入的调查,并针对其基本情况、健身动机、健身的频率、时长及负荷、准备活动及整理活动等方面进行分析,得出结论与建议,为进一步规范苏州市健身俱乐部市场、提升苏州居民的健身水平提供参考.     

Resistance characteristics of innovative eco-fitness equipment: a water buoyancy muscular machine

This paper propose innovative eco-fitness equipment—a water buoyancy muscular machine (WBM machine) in which resistance is generated by buoyancy and fluid resistance. The resistance characteristics during resistance adjustment and under isometric, concentric, eccentric and isokinetic conditions were investigated and compared to a conventional machine with metal weight plates. The results indicated that the isometric, concentric and eccentric resistances could be adjusted by varying the water volume; the maximum resistances under isometric, concentric and eccentric conditions were 163.8, 338.5 and 140.9 N, respectively. The isometric resistances at different positions remained constant in both machines; however the isometric resistance was lower for WBM machine when at a position corresponding to a 5% total displacement. The WBM machine has lower resistance under eccentric conditions and higher resistance under concentric conditions. Although the conventional machine has an identical trend, the variation was minor (within 4 N). In the WBM machine, the eccentric resistance was approximately 30–45% of the concentric resistance. Concentric resistances increased with an increase in velocity in both machines; however, the eccentric resistances decreased with an increase in velocity. In summary, the WBM machine, a piece of innovative eco-fitness equipment, has unique resistance characteristics and expansibility.     

The effects of service convenience and perceived quality on perceived value,satisfaction and loyalty in low-cost fitness centers

Due to its importance in fitness centers, a number of authors have explored and analyzed loyalty. However, two characteristics not yet examined are service convenience in fitness center chains and low-cost fitness centers (an emerging business model). In the present study, the authors sought to understand the relationship among perceived quality and service convenience on perceived value, satisfaction, and client loyalty in low-cost fitness centers. Clients (N = 763; 381 women and 382 men) from three low-cost Spanish fitness centers were surveyed, revealing a positive relationship among the variables studied. Findings demonstrate the importance of proper management of non-monetary sacrifices and perceived quality by the managers of these sport organizations, since client loyalty could depend on factors of these emerging sport models.     

试论军中开展球类运动对军人体能素质的影响研究

以2006年版《军人体能标准》为主要理论参考依据,以广州某部为实验对象,研究球类项目对军人体能的影响。通过对比实验表明,球类运动能增强军人的力量、速度、耐力、灵敏等体能素质,同时增强了军人体能训练的趣味性,促进军人体能达标等,应在军队体能训练中推广球类运动。     

论纯粹抽象意识

纯粹抽象意识本质上就是意识对客观存在的、超现实的、歪曲的、形而上学的反映.它在结构上有不同的层次,具有超现实的抽象性、违背客观规律性、唯心主义、形而上学的特征,对社会的发展起着消极的作用.     

基于遗传算法的自动组卷系统设计

自动组卷系统是计算机辅助教学的重要组成部分,而遗传算法以其全局寻优和智能搜索的特性,得到了广泛的运用。根据自动组卷系统的特点,将遗传算法合理应用于自动组卷中,在遗传算法中,设计了双种群机制,并以试卷难度、试卷区分度、试卷的估计用时、知识点分布为基础构造适应度函数,通过轮盘赌选择方法、多点交叉和变异,较好地解决了自动组卷的多重目标寻优问题。     

Physical fitness of primary school children in relation to overweight prevalence and physical activity habits

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyse, through a limited number of fitness tests, the main conditioning and coordinative abilities in children aged 8–9 years, and their relationship with gender, anthropometric variables and physical activity habits. The height and weight of 256 boys and 241 girls were measured and information about physical activity habits was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed by means of a few standardised tests: ‘sit & reach’, medicine-ball forward throw, standing long jump, 20 m running speed, and forward roll test. In both boys and girls, body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were positively correlated with the medicine-ball throw performances and negatively correlated for the standing long jump and speed tests, while no association was found with tests measuring back flexibility and total body coordination. Daily physical activity and participation in sport were not significantly correlated with body weight and BMI, but were positively associated with children's motor performance. The standardised fitness tests selected in the current study have been found to be suitable to identify fitness levels of primary school children. Thanks to their limited number and ease of measurement, they can be used in any school context to classify children and for monitoring the effects of targeted interventions promoting physical activity.