Symptoms of common mental disorders and related stressors in Danish professional football and handball

The aim of the study was twofold, namely (i) to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMDs) among current and retired professional football and handball players and (ii) to explore the relationship of psychosocial stressors with the outcome measures under study. A total of 1155 players were enrolled in an observational study based on a cross-sectional design. Questionnaires based on validated scales were set up and distributed among current and retired professional football and handball players by the Danish football and handball players’ union. In professional football, the highest prevalence (4 weeks) of symptoms of CMDs was 18% and 19% for anxiety/depression among current and retired players, respectively. In professional handball, the highest prevalence (4 weeks) of symptoms of CMDs was 26% and 16% for anxiety/depression among current and retired players, respectively. For both the current and retired professional football and handball players, a higher number of severe injuries and recent adverse life events (LE) were related to the presence of symptoms of CMD. Players exposed to severe injuries and/or recent adverse LE were 20–50% times more likely to report symptoms of CMD. The results suggest that it is possible to recognize the population of professional athletes that are more likely to develop symptoms of CMD. This could create the opportunity to intervene preventively on athletes that suffered from severe injury and/or recent adverse LE that could lead to a faster and safer recovery and psychological readiness to return to play.     

‘We Will Try Again,Again, Again to Make It Bigger’: Japan,American Football,and the Super Bowl in the Past,Present, and Future

Abstract

This study is to analyse how the Japanese have traditionally received and currently perceive the Super Bowl, and for this purpose, it aims to locate the position of American football in Japanese history, society, and culture. It explores the game’s history and then examine the degree of its spread among Japan’s sporting population. A two-dimensional approach of historical study and inter-game comparison gives context to the analyses of reference frequency and contents of news media, followed by speculative discussions of what the near future of Japan’s American football would be like. To conclude, it clarifies the ways the Super Bowl has been received and is now being perceived by two groups: The first group is the general people who see the Super Bowl as the convenient and useful medium by which they could learn effectively about American culture through the one-night mania for ‘conspicuous consumption’. The second group comprises American football experts and enthusiasts, including 13,000 athletes and their OBs, coaches, trainers, and other staff members of the leagues and associations as well as the general sports fans. For this group, the Super Bowl is the apex of their favourite sport to which only a selected talented few could join.     

Football Club Formation and the Lancashire Leisure Class, 1857–1870

This paper outlines the transition from football games played for occasional amusement to a system of organized football clubs playing regular matches in Lancashire in the mid-nineteenth century. This was led by young men of an emerging Lancashire leisured class being, in the main, the public school educated sons of the northern county’s commercial and industrial elite. These families had accumulated sufficient wealth, especially in the first half of the nineteenth century, to exempt a considerable part of their population from work both at weekends and during the normal working week with football becoming an act of conspicuous consumption. Three case studies of individual clubs and leading individuals within those clubs are presented with detailed archival research carefully avoiding the teleology implicit in much historical writing of the past. It also swells the paucity of good historical material about the organization of sport at levels below national bodies. In so doing, it aims to illuminate some of the shadows in the big picture of the evolution of sport and leisure in Lancashire and Britain itself while informing the ongoing orthodox/revisionist debate into the origins of football in the nineteenth century.     

The Evolution and Cultural Characteristics of Korean Professional Soccer

Abstract

Since it was introduced in the late nineteenth century, soccer has been one of the cultural driving forces for Koreans in overcoming national hardships during the dark ages marked by imperial occupations, war, and division during the modern era. This study was carried out to investigate the cultural backgrounds and characteristics due to which soccer has entered an era of professionalization under the name of the Super League. Korean professional soccer started in 1983 under the name of the Super League, not by popular demand but by from political backgrounds. The sport was off to a bad start, and this became an inherent limitation and the reason Korean professional soccer did not flourish. In addition, although Korean professional soccer had grown rapidly in terms of quantity based on a consistent increase in professional teams and the introduction of advanced systems, the cultural limitations of an incomplete local franchise system and a lack of public attention were revealed. Korean professional soccer has shown a variety of sociocultural limits while rapidly developing in its short history. Nevertheless, having a short history indicates the system is young, which means it has the opportunity to mature. Korean professional soccer has sufficient potential and it can be directed toward a brighter future.     

英格兰足球超级联盟研究及对我国职业足球发展的启示

英国作为现代足球的发源地,一直是世界足球强国。英超联盟是英国足球产业的中流砥柱,在英国体育事业中发挥着举足轻重的作用。通过对英超联盟的组织结构、产权框架与经营手段的研究,反思中国职业足球存在的“管办不分”“产权不清”以及“管理混乱”等问题,体现在中超联赛上就是组织结构的不完善与商业开发能力的严重不足。为了解决这些问题,结合中国自身实际,提出从加强联赛理事会建设与促进中超公司发展这两个角度寻找一条适合中国足球发展的道路。     

从俱乐部“壳”资源转让看中国乒乓球超级联赛的改革

采用数理统计法、文献资料法,通过分析俱乐部"壳"资源频繁转让现象带来的隐忧、产生的原因,揭示中国乒乓球超级联赛进程中存在的不足,提出进一步完善联赛应从"进一步审视乒乓球职业化发展目标、明晰政府和俱乐部之间的权责关系、打造百年乒超俱乐部、培育乒乓球市场和完善职业俱乐部的法律法规制度"五个环节入手.     

中超俱乐部权属定位的思辨

采用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,分析中超俱乐部内外产权分配问题、经营现状,阐明其权属关系现状,并理清中超俱乐部与中国足协、中超委员会之间的权限划分,探析其自身经营、管理方面的问题,提出明晰中超俱乐部权属定位的具体对策。     

浅谈足球运动员技战术意识的培养

通过采用观察分析的方法,对足球运动员在比赛中意识好、坏进行分析,结果表明：足球运动员技战术的高低取决于系统的训练及个人文化层次的高低。     

我国职业足球俱乐部发展现状与对策研究

运用文献综述法、归纳法对中国足球职业化现状进行分析研究,首先介绍中国足球职业化发展的历程,对这几年的足球产业经营实践进行深入分析,结合国内外足球产业的的成功经验,为中国职业足球俱乐部的发展与市场开发制定对策。     

优秀女子足球运动员心肺功能的研究

目的：通过对优秀女子足球运动员心肺功能的测试,探讨女足运动员的有氧工作能力。方法：利用心肺功能测试系统对递增性负荷运动的女足运动员、体院体教专业和普通系科女大学生心肺功能进行测试并进行相关指标的比较。结果：女足运动员的最大心输出量、最大通气量、最大吸氧量及运动能力均显著高于体育教育专业学生（体教组）和普通院系学生（对照组）,三组呈女足组〉体教组〉对照组,女足运动员安静时心率显著低于体教组和对照组。结论：女足运动员的心肺功能及耐力素质优于体教组和对照组。