跑动类体能对足球技战术及比赛成绩的影响

良好的竞技成绩和对抗中的技战术水平的展现,离不开体能基础。在足球比赛中,体能以跑动类体能为主。以中国女足为研究对象,对同场对抗比赛中跑动类体能数据进行对比分析,得出跑动距离与速度的基本规律,发现球队与竞争对手的差距,以期为中国女足后续训练指明方向,并为研究提高我国足球训练竞赛水平提供参考依据。     

Competing by investments or efficiency? Exploring financial and sporting efficiency of club ownership structures in European football

Professional European football clubs have been hypothesized to maximize sporting or financial objectives. The authors analyze the impact of various ownership structures on the realized management efficiency in maximizing profitability and national sporting success. Therefore, they apply the time-varying stochastic frontier model by Battese & Coelli (1995) to an unbalanced panel from England and France between 2006 and 2012. French professional football is characterized by a shift towards private investors. Results show that clubs majority-owned by private investors are less efficient than other clubs in French Ligue 1. In English professional football, the majority of takeovers is pursued by foreign investors. Although previous researchers have shown that foreign investors increase financial resources and team investments, the authors demonstrate that foreign investors reduce both financial and sporting efficiency. The analysis of survival and financial team efficiencies of club ownership structures indicates that clubs tend to compete by investments rather than efficiency.     

论弗里德约夫·南森对国际难民事务的贡献

弗里德约夫·南森是国际联盟第一任难民事务高级专员。在1921—1930年任职期间,南森主张难民问题紧急救助与长远解决相结合;界定难民的法律地位,通过立法保护难民权益;设立专门机构,加强国际合作;审时度势．重视方法创新。南森为后人留下了众多弥足珍贵的经验和财富。     

中超职业联赛可持续发展的分析与研究

为了进一步探讨中超联赛职业化发展现状及未来走向,本文运用问卷调查法、数理统计法对中超联赛目前存在的问题进行调查和分析。结果表明:经营环境因子、管理因子、社会环境因子、质量因子、品牌塑造因子、监督因子、盈利因子是影响中超联赛可持续发展的主要原因。中超职业联赛仍然完全是在政府体育体制指导下,现行的职业联赛体制滞后于市场变化,联赛不规范的运营方式与市场所需求的职业化进程而产生的矛盾一直贯穿于联赛始终,没有使联赛真正成为一个产业主体。     

The influence of environmental factors on rugby football injuries

The aim of this study was to establish the influence of weather and pitch conditions on the frequency and nature of rugby injuries. Observers at 26 senior rugby clubs in the Borders District of the Scottish Rugby Union reported all injuries to 1169 (96%) registered players at Saturday home and away matches during the 1993-94 season (August 1993 to April 1994). Weather and pitch conditions at 112 grounds were recorded on 605 occasions; 1268 Borders teams played at these grounds,with 344 injury episodes being sustained. Matches were played in dry weather for three-quarters of these occasions. There was a moderate association between weather and the state of the pitch (Spearman's rank correlation, r = -0.46, P ? 0.001), with heavier pitches occurring in wetter weather. Logistic regression revealed that there were significant month-of-season (P = 0.003), wind strength (P = 0.008) and temperature (P = 0.011) effects on the risk of injury. On four of five occasions when matches were played in a downpour of rain, at least one injury episode occurred. Our results show that the month of the season and the weather may influence the occurrence of rugby injuries, but that the state of the pitch does not. Further studies are required to investigate these factors in more detail.     

英超俱乐部履行社会责任的特征及启示

采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,对英超俱乐部履行社会责任的现实基础和特征进行分析,并总结出对我国的启示。指出,政府对足球发展的强力推动、长期形成的特殊组织秩序是英超俱乐部履行社会责任的现实基础。颇具时代精神的社会责任理念、科学合理的社会责任治理机构、健全完善的社会责任制度体系、扎实稳健的社会责任实践行动、纵横协同的社会责任履行方式是英超俱乐部履行社会责任的显著特征。认为,我国应从战略视角持续深化俱乐部履责认知,从治理视角健全足球组织的内设机构,从规制视角完善俱乐部履责制度体系,从反馈视角加强俱乐部履责的监督评价,推动我国职业俱乐部社会责任的健康持续发展。     

中超联赛职业裁判制度发展价值、困境与对策

中超联赛职业裁判制度是中超联赛发展到一定程度的产物，不仅符合中超联赛的职业化趋势，而且可以提升本土裁判员的执裁能力，能够满足裁判员的各层次需求。尽管中超联赛职业裁判制度的发展取得了一定成果，但仍然面临亟待突破的发展困境，如裁判培养体系不成熟，对裁判员的支持与保障不足，职业裁判工作对外发布机制流于表面且不畅通等。认为，应通过直接培养、对外交流、延伸至助理裁判层面等手段，优化健全职业裁判的培养与培训体系；通过改革评价手段、建立管理组织等手段，为职业裁判提供支持与保障；借助CBA和国外经验，健全中超联赛裁判工作对外发布机制。旨在为提升中超联赛职业裁判制度效力提供借鉴。     

自治视域下中国足球协会调整改革研究

2015年开启的中国足球协会调整改革对于引领中国足球改革发展具有重要意义。引入自治概念，从“决策”“执行”“监督”三个方面展开学理讨论。在中国足协“决策权”改革方面，个人会员缺乏大会表决权，地方足协实体化改革进展迟缓，会员代表大会制度改革缺乏实质性进展。在“执行权”改革方面，侧重于领导班子的结构优化、专项委员会的自主权、专业人才招募与建设等内容，确保了中国足协治理水平与绩效预期处于可评估的范畴。在“监督权”改革方面，中国足协法律机构缺乏独立性，缺少严格的任职人员独立性准则。中国足协调整改革是公法授权与社会赋权紧密结合的统一体，政府权力嵌入足协治理，表现出“有条件自治”的基本特征，打造共建共治共享的足协调整改革治理格局，体现了国家社会治理的新变化，诠释了新时代中国特色社会主义思想的精神实质和丰富内涵。