Reinforcing contingencies for sex-role behaviors in preschool children

Two groups of disadvantaged Afro-American children, a total of 30 boys and 25 girls, mean age about 42 months; and two groups of middle- and upper-middle-class children, most of them white, 35 boys and 31 girls, mean age about 44.5 months, were observed for patterns of sex-role-characteristic behavior and peer and teacher response to such behavior. At all times, the children in the two experimental groups were being taught by seven women and seven or eight men, about half of whom were Afro-American, half white-Anglo, and who were mixed in the two schools by race but evenly divided by sex. Boys engaged in 16% sex-characteristic behavior, 5.7% cross-sex behavior. The same figures for girls were 18 and 6%. There were no pattern or percentage differences by race or social status of children. Women teachers gave most of their sex-role connected rewards for feminine behavior to both boys and girls. Men teachers rewarded more equably, masculine behaviors for boys, feminine behaviors for girls. Children rewarded mainly their own sex, and gave rewards for sex characteristic behavior. The pattern was even clearer for boys than for girls. In Discussion, comparisons are made with other somewhat similar studies.     

基于主成分分析的GA-BPNN遥感图像分类研究

在高原山地地区,传统遥感分类方法分类精度低,而标准BP神经网络分类方法在实际应用中也难以胜任.探讨对数据源主成分分析特征选择的基础上,用量化共轭梯度法改进标准BP算法,采用GA优化BP网络的隐层神经元数目、初始权重.并以香格里拉县ETM+遥感图像为例,在DEM地形数据辅助下,训练网络使其收敛,仿真输出.结果表明,其分类总精度为84.52%,Kappa系数为0.8317,比最大似然法分类精度提高了9.08个百分点,验证了GA优化的BP网络遥感图像分类的可行性和有效性.     

Parameters optimization and nonlinearity analysis of grating eddy current displacement sensor using neural network and genetic algorithm

A grating eddy current displacement sensor （GECDS） can be used in a watertight electronic transducer to realize long range displacement or position measurement with high accuracy in difficult industry conditions. The parameters optimization of the sensor is essential for economic and efficient production. This paper proposes a method to combine an artificial neural network （ANN） and a genetic algorithm （GA） for the sensor parameters optimization. A neural network model is developed to map the complex relationship between design parameters and the nonlinearity error of the GECDS, and then a GA is used in the optimization process to determine the design parameter values, resulting in a desired minimal nonlinearity error of about 0.11%. The calculated nonlinearity error is 0.25%. These results show that the proposed method performs well for the parameters optimization of the GECDS.     

Science Letters: Low-cost fault tolerance in evolvable multiprocessor systems: a graceful degradation approach

The evolvable multiprocessor (EvoMP), as a novel multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) machine with evolvable task decomposition and scheduling, claims a major feature of low-cost and efficient fault tolerance. Non-centralized control and adaptive distribution of the program among the available processors are two major capabilities of this platform, which remarkably help to achieve an efficient fault tolerance scheme. This letter presents the operational as well as architectural details of this fault tolerance scheme. In this method, when a processor becomes faulty, it will be eliminated of contribution in program execution in remaining run-time. This method also utilizes dynamic rescheduling capability of the system to achieve the maximum possible efficiency after processor reduction. The results confirm the efficiency and remarkable advantages of the proposed approach over common redundancy based techniques in similar systems.     

谷氨酸发酵生产工艺冷凝水的利用探讨

在味精清洁生产工艺中,四效蒸发浓缩谷氨酸超滤清液,以及三效浓缩等电结晶母液,所得的蒸发凝结水（简称工艺冷凝水PCO）,因COD、氨氮稍高而不能直接排放。为解决这一环保问题并节约水资源,本文研究了将PCO作为配料水应用于味精生产以及用于部分取代超滤的清洗用水的可行性。通过与自来水进行比较,考察了其对液化、糖化和发酵过程及超滤清洗效果的影响。     

粒子群算法与遗传算法的结合研究

自上世纪80年代以来,智能优化算法(粒子群算法、遗传算法等)通过模拟或者揭示某些自然现象和过程而发展起来,为优化理论提供了新的思路.通过将不同算法结合来达到更好的优化效果日益成为当前优化研究领域的热点.在粒子群算法中引入遗传算法的交叉和变异算子及种群分割策略,将两种算法有机结合,提出了粒子群算法与遗传算法的混合优化算法(GA-PSO).为了验证该GA-PSO混合优化算法是否具有良好性能,将该算法用于一些标准测试函数的优化.     

A McCarthy short form for rapid screening of preschool,kindergarten, and first-grade children

A short form of the McCarthy was developed primarily to help meet the needs for a well-normed brief instrument to be used for the rapid screening of preschool, kindergarten, and first-grade children. The proposed short form comprises 6 of the 15 tests in the General Cognitive Scale: Puzzle Solving, Word Knowledge, Numerical Memory, Verbal Fluency, Counting and Sorting, and Conceptual Grouping. The abbreviated form was specifically geared to the 3–6 year age range, although equations to convert short-form score to estimated General Cognitive Index were provided for children across the entire span of $\text{2}\text{1}\text{2}$ to $\text{8}\text{1}\text{2}$ years. The short form was shown to have a standard error of estimate of about 6 points and to have excellent psychometric properties in general.     

遗传算法在网络工程设计中的应用

在网络工程设计中,从需求分析到得到网络模型要经过多个不同的阶段。且在各个阶段中很多问题都要通过网络工程师的个人经验来解决,这样就不免会出现经验不足,考虑不全面以及设计效率不高等弊端。所以怎样快速生成一个科学、合理的、满足用户需求的网络模型就成为了人们关注的问题。运用遗传算法的全局寻优对网络工程设计进行了研究,并得到了一个自动获得适合用户需求的网络模型的好的算法。基本上完成了在网络工程生命周期中的从需求分析到设计阶段的智能化。     

面向对象的人工神经网络负荷预测遗传算法

用计算机集成智能技术进行负荷预测的遗传算法是在综合人工神经网络（ANN）和遗传算法（GA）的基础上形成的,这种模型在ANN和GA的基础上可以对未来24 h负荷做出短期预测.利用遗传算法可以求得最佳负荷和偏差,仿真结果表明这种方法是有效的.     

GA3对新鲜葡萄种子发芽影响的初步研究

本试验通过新鲜葡萄种子进行不同浓度的GA3浸泡、相同浓度的GA3不同浸泡时间处理,调查对葡萄发芽率、发芽势的影响。结果表明：在不同浓度的GA3处理中,以2 500mg/L处理效果最佳;在同一浓度不同浸泡时间的处理中,以24 h处理效果最好。