德国应用科技大学的办学特点及启示

应用型大学办学模式的探讨需要广开思路,洋为中用。德国应用科技大学办学经验启示我们找准人才培养定位,实施灵活多样的人才培养模式,加大人才培养的实践力度,提高教师专业实践技能,突出科研的应用与转化等。     

Uncovering legislative pace in Germany: A methodical and computational application to answer temporal questions of law-making

How fast are law-making processes and how often are lawmakers exploiting institutional fast lanes to help speed up legislation? To this day, Political Science has not managed to provide a quantitative answer to these questions. By placing a scientific focus on this gap, the current examination will conceptualise a quantitative measure for legislative pace which is analogous to the tempo of music. This will permit the author to place the (subjective) temporal perception of law-making procedures into the overall context of legislature.A database, which contains machine-readable data extracted and transformed from semi-structured documents, will be highlighted for its ability to measure legislative pace in Germany. As a result, every procedural step within all the adopted federal laws in Germany (between autumn 1990 and autumn 2017), is able to be processed by computers.Finally, the paper employs the aforementioned database and the conceptualised quantification of pace (metronome) to shed light on legislative pace in Germany. Results are presented for the 16th legislative period (2005–2009) of the German Bundestag. Thus, the paper contributes to an ongoing dispute between “acceleration-optimist” and “deliberation-supporters” with respect to their views on the speed of legislation. The paper shows to what extend law-making can accelerate in times of parliamentary truce or in cases of broad consent between the majoritarian actors. However, this does not always imply a diminished (parliamentarian) interest inclusion and control. In general, institutional time-rules and parliamentary practices offer reliable so called “checks and balances” to monitor legislative acceleration. Nevertheless, what seems to be lacking, is a stronger set of rules that control the power of government and the parliamentarian factions' ability to delay law-making procedures.     

希腊债务危机与德国的救助责任

希腊债务危机具有明显的阶段特征,债务和融资成本是构成危机的重要因素。针对救助希腊的分歧,通过分析德国加入欧元的成本,使用欧元获得的利益,提出欧元等价于马克的观点,认为当其余成员国出现危机时,德国应该实施援助。以区内贸易为主的希腊,使用欧元的原因是为了实现利率下降,投资增加,物价稳定,经济快速稳步发展等目的,其收益足以弥补放弃使用货币、汇率政策的成本。只有存在强势主导国家和弱势外围国家利益捆绑,强势国家愿意帮助弱势国家渡过危机,一体化组织才能更加团结、紧密。     

中德两国职业教育师资队伍建设的比较研究与启示

德国职业教育教师的选拔、培养、任用、考核和培训方面已形成了自己独特的模式。文章在对中德两国职业教育师资队伍建设进行比较研究的基础上,结合我国航海高职教育的师资特点,提出了我国航海高职教育师资队伍建设的几点建议。     

Problematic transitions from school to employment: freeters and NEETs in Japan and Germany

In the international debate surrounding transitions from school to employment, Japan and Germany are regularly cited as examples of success. This article draws on the Japanese concepts represented by two problematic groups – freeters and NEETs – to demonstrate that over recent years, young people in both countries have also been facing serious problems with the transition process. Interpretation of empirical data also, however, reveals a number of contrasts between them. We focus here on differences in their educational systems and on the role each system plays within its own society. The article also uses divergent recruitment practices and employment structures as vehicles for comparison and interpretation.     

Welcome to Norway!? The Discussions About German Participation in the 1952 Olympic Winter Games in Oslo

The German re-entry into the Olympic Movement after the Second World War took place at the 1952 Olympic Winter Games in Oslo – the capital of a country which had been occupied by Nazi Germany from 1940 to 1945. The wounds of war had by no means healed in Norway at the time of the Oslo event; thus, the 1952 Olympic Games became once more a political issue. In fact, prior to the event, the question of German participation had given rise to numerous discussions between Norway, the Federal Republic of Germany and the IOC. Therefore, the West German ‘Return to Olympia’ was a process which took two years and required patience and diplomatic tact. The objective of this article is to trace this process both from the Norwegian and German perspectives since the research results on the subject available to date emphasised either a Norwegian or a German perspective. This approach also seems interesting against the historical background of the onset of the Cold War.     

第4届女足世界杯中国队与世界杯前三名球队技、战术分析

通过对第4届FIFA女足世界杯赛中、德、瑞、美4支球队的技战术统计数据进行比较与分析,揭示中国队与其它3支球队的共性特征及其差异.认为中国女足应该:加强后备力量的培养;合理、有效地运用技战术;加强和提高体能、心理素质及意志品质.     

Foreign direct investment in industrial research and development: A study of German MNCs

This paper reports on the international research and development (R&D) investments of German multinational corporations (MNCs). Based on a detailed empirical survey of laboratory sites established by 49 German MNCs, we examine (i) the level and pace of R&D internationalization, (ii) the motivations and mandates of overseas R&D laboratories, as well as (iii) the strength of the laboratories’ internal and external ties. Participating firms account for about 46% of all German enterprises with international R&D activities and approximately 66% of the nation's privately funded R&D expenditures in 1999. The findings indicate that the timing and organization of German owned overseas R&D investments more closely resemble Japanese or French than US or Swedish firms. Furthermore, in line with prior studies, German MNCs increasingly invest in international R&D for resource as opposed to market-seeking motives. The paper also finds significant differences with regard to the laboratory's mission and its geographical location on one hand, and its internal and external embeddedness, on the other.     

论德法艺术歌曲的风格差异

艺术歌曲的创作分别在19世纪上半叶的德国和19世纪下半叶的法国出现了两次无与伦比、风格独特的全盛时期,这两个时期作品的风格特点与两国各自所处的时代、民族、文化背景有不可分割的关系。研究了解这些内容对我们的演唱、歌曲理解、风格把握是至关重要的。     

中德成人教育比较研究

成人教育是中国教育的重要组成部分。在经济日益全球化,新知识新技术呈爆炸式发展的当今时代,构建终身教育和学习型的社会愈显重要,从而对成人教育也提出更高的要求。开展我国和发达国家成人教育的比较研究,借鉴外国的有益经验,推动我国成人教育的理论进步和完善,无疑具有重要的价值。