3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸的分离提纯工艺研究

以3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸的收率及纯度为目标函数,对三种分离以3-甲基-2-氧代丁酰甲酯水解所得到的3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸的工艺进行了对比实验,确定了较为经济的分离工艺,采用单因素实验与正交试验优化了分离提纯的工艺条件,先将3-甲基-2-氧代丁酰甲酯在碱性条件下的水解液直接用盐酸酸化,选择合适的有机溶剂萃取,减压浓缩得到3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸粗品,将粗品再进行分子蒸馏精制,得到纯度不小于98%的精品3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸晶体（温度〈10℃）。     

Mapping of quantitative trait loci for fiber and lignin contents from an interspecific cross Oryza sativa×Oryza rufipogon

Rice straw is always regarded as a by-product of rice production, but it could be a significant energy source for ruminant animals. Knowledge of the genetic variation and genetic architecture of cell wall traits will facilitate rice breeders by improving relevant traits through selective breeding and genetic engineering. The common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff., which is considered to be the progenitor of Oryza sativa, has been widely utilized for the identification of genes of agronomic importance for rice genetic improvement. In the present study, the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and ADL/NDF ratio was carried out in two environments using a backcrossed inbred line (BIL) population derived from a cross between the recurrent parent Xieqingzao B (XB) and an accession of Dongxiang wild rice (DWR). The results indicated that all four traits tested were continuously distributed among the BILs, but many BILs showed transgressive segregation. A total of 16 QTLs were identified for the four traits, but no QTLs were in common in two environments, suggesting that environment has dramatic effects on fiber and lignin syntheses. Compared to the QTL positions for grain yield-related traits, there were no unfavorable correlations between grain yield components and cell wall traits in this population. The QTLs identified in this study are useful for the development of dual-purpose rice varieties that are high in grain yield and are also high in straw quality.     

对肼基苯磺酸的合成方法的优化

对肼基苯磺酸是一类应用十分广泛的中间体，在多个领域有着重要用途，本文设计分别利用盐酸和硫酸不同条件下对肼基苯磺酸进行合成，讨论不同条件下对产率的影响，最终发现，利用盐酸法比硫酸法提高产率较大。     

不同平衡施肥方式对金银花产量和质量的影响研究

金银花是大宗常用珍贵中药。根据《中国药典》[1]规定,绿原酸含量及木犀草素苷含量是金银花产品质量主要指标。遵循平衡施肥原则前提下,通过不施肥、仅施用无机肥、仅施用有机肥、无机肥有机肥结合施肥的四种不同施肥方式,对金银花产量及产品中绿原酸、木犀草素苷含量进行比较观察,结果表明:施肥能显著提高金银花产品的产量和质量;仅施用无机肥与仅施用有机肥差别不显著;仅施用有机肥更优于仅施用无机肥;有机肥无机肥结合施肥,十分接近于仅施用有机肥,可作为大规模商品化生产种植的依据。     

模拟酸雨对空心菜营养元素吸收的影响

采用盆栽方法,研究了不同pH值的模拟酸雨对空心菜发育生长及钙、铁、铜、镁含量的影响。结果表明:模拟酸雨对空心菜发育率影响不大,模拟酸雨使空心菜中钙、铜的含量随酸雨pH值减小而下降。空心菜中铁含量随酸雨pH值减小而升高,而各处理组空心菜中镁的含量差别不大,表明空心菜对镁的吸收不受酸雨的影响。     

乌索酸的药理作用研究(Ⅱ)

目的：乌索酸在医药领域的研究进展。方法：通过有关试验研究及查阅国内外近期文献资料，加以概述分析。结果：乌索酸具有抗肝炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒，抗炎抑菌及降血脂等多种药理活性。结论：乌索酸具有广泛的药理作用，且毒性小，资源广，有广阔的开发应用前景。     

微波法合成异氰尿酸三苄基酯

在微波辐射条件下，对以尿素为原料，采用一锅法制备异氰尿酸三苄基酯的合成反应进行了研究。对反应条件及影响产率的各种因素进行了讨论，其最佳工艺条件是：微波功率用170W、反应时间为(5 5)min、原料配比[尿素：苄氯：三乙胺=1：0．83：0．85(摩尔比)]、硅胶用量为2g、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)固定用量为3．8ml(0．05mol)、尿素固定用量为1．2g。     

Heart rate and match analysis in pre-pubescent soccer players

The aim of this study was to compare match analysis (using video recordings) and the physiological load (heart rate measured every 5s, blood lactate measured after the warm-up, first half and second half) of six 11-year-old soccer players during official games of eleven-a-side on a regular-sized pitch (100×65m) and of seven-a-side on a smaller pitch (60×40m). In both games, heart rate exceeded 170 beats·min-1 84% of the time, while blood lactate ranged from 1.4 to 8.1 mmol·l-1 . No significant differences were recorded for the physiological parameters. For both matches, walking comprised 38% of total time, running 55%, inactivity 3% and jumping 3%. Although there were no significant differences between halves or matches, running for less than 10s was 10% more frequent in the seven-a-side game. In the seven-a-side game, there were significantly more passes and significantly fewer tackles, suggesting that seven-a-side matches played on smaller pitches may be more suitable for pre-pubescent soccer players.     

鞣花酸对前列腺癌PC-3细胞生长和凋亡的影响

目的观察鞣花酸对前列腺癌PC-3细胞株的影响。方法：体外培养人前列腺癌PC-3细胞,加入0μg/ml、2．5μg/ml、5μg/ml、10μg/ml、20μg/ml的鞣花酸作用于PC-3细胞,分别作用12小时、24小时和48小时后,应用MTr法测定各浓度组鞣花酸对PC-3细胞的生长抑制作用。应用流式细胞仪检测鞣花酸作用48小时后,PC-3细胞的周期时相变化及凋亡情况。应用免疫细胞化学检测10μg/ml鞣花酸作用24小时后,实验组与对照组细胞Caspase-3蛋白表达情况。结果：鞣花酸明显抑制PC-3细胞的生长,抑制效应呈时间依赖型和浓度依赖型,与对照组比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。应用流式细胞仪检测结果显示,鞣花酸可将PC-3细胞阻滞于G1／S期,并诱导PC-3细胞凋亡。免疫细胞化学结果显示实验组Ctmpase-3蛋白表达明显升高。结论：鞣花酸对前列腺癌PC-3细胞株有明显的生长抑制和诱导凋亡作用。     

耐力训练对安静状态和短时渐增负荷下血清氨基酸影响的研究

通过测定普通学生和长泳运动员安静状态和短时渐增负荷下血清氨基酸后发现：长泳运动员安静时血清氨基酸水平高于普通学生；与有氧供能过程中关键酶活性密切相关的丝氨酸和甘氨酸水平明显高于普通学生；短时渐增负荷下，长泳运动员较之普通学生存在更为活跃的支链氨基酸－丙氨酸－葡萄糖循环活动。结果提示，安静状态和短时渐增负荷下，某些氨基酸代谢活动对长期耐力训练有适应性改变。