我国花样滑冰运动发展的制约因素与对策

我国花样滑冰运动的发展态势和前景已十分严峻,如何继续保持已有优势,改进劣势,是当前我国花样滑冰运动面临的首要问题。对我国花样滑冰运动进行分析,认为人才培养体制单一,项目发展产业化程度不高,场地设施匮乏,后备人才严重短缺,花样滑冰运动员的技术和艺术素养都亟待提高,教练员素质整体提高过缓等,成为制约我国花样滑冰运动发展的因素;提出举全国之力,确立多元化发展机制;拓宽投入力度,加强后备人才梯队建设;技术、艺术两手抓,全面提高运动员综合素养;把握项目规律,加强教练员队伍素质建设等解决对策,旨在有效提高现阶段我国花样滑冰运动的整体水平,最终实现我国花样滑冰运动的可持续发展。     

主体间性理论视域下高校花样轮滑课考核评价的研究

运用文献资料、教学实验、问卷调查等研究方法,对高校花样轮滑课程中实施主体间性理论指导下的考核评价办法进行研究。教学实验表明,主体间性的考核评价办法注重了评价主体的多元化、评价目标和手段的多样化,使考核评价工作更具有科学性、合理性,对学生的体育学习过程和结果等都产生积极的推动作用。研究结果表明,在高校花样轮滑课中主体间性的考核评价办法优于传统的教师评价办法。     

2013年速滑短距离世锦赛分析与备战索契冬奥会的对策

通过对2013年美国盐湖城速度滑冰短距离世锦赛成绩的统计分析,对比国内外选手的优势与不足,探寻我国短距离速滑运动员存在的主要差距、努力方向和训练重点。针对我国选手存在的问题,提出针对性的解决方案,并对备战索契冬奥会进行了展望,从明确备战目标、制定好训练与参赛计划、精心选择训练策略等方面,探讨了备战索契冬奥会的对策,以期为备战2014年索契冬奥会提供参考意见。     

女中学生滑冰课心理障碍的克服

冬季滑冰课是黑龙江省学校的特色体育课程,教学实践表明滑冰课对学生的身心健康、运动技能的掌握具有积极促进的作用。在中学女生滑冰课程教学中,由于教师教法简单、形式单一,滑冰技术的难度较大,学生身体和心理素质的弱势导致其极易产生心理障碍,极大地降低了冬季体育教学的效果与质量,无法实现学校体育教学的总体目标。从培养和激发女中学生良好的滑冰学习动机入手,在教学中实施区别对待的原则,适当降低技术教学的难度,合理组织教学过程、采用多种教学方法逐步提高其身体和心理素质,克服她们对滑冰课的心理障碍,从而达到提高冬季滑冰课程教学的质量,实现素质教育的根本目标。     

伦敦奥运会皮划艇单人艇决赛成绩分析及其启示

对伦敦奥运会皮划艇项目单人艇决赛成绩进行统计分析,认为欧洲国家仍然在该项目中处于垄断地位,男子单人皮艇200 m竞争最激烈。通过与中国队的比较分析,对发展中国皮划艇项目提出建议。     

多球训练法在初级网球训练中的应用研究

运用文献资料、实验和数理统计等研究方法,对少年儿童网球初级阶段多球训练法中"一球一击"和"单球"两种不同的训练手段进行了研究。     

道次、场地条件和运动水平对速度滑冰女子1000m速度节奏的影响研究

为了探索道次、场地条件和运动水平对速度滑冰女子1000m速度节奏的影响。采用文献资料、访谈和数理统计等研究方法,分析了2012—2013赛季哈尔滨站速度滑冰世界杯和关国速度滑冰世界锦标赛女子1000m前后两次比赛均参加的运动员分段数据,结果认为：（1）速度滑冰女子1000m道次不同造成运动员速度节奏的明显差异,外道速度波动比内道更大;（2）速度滑冰女子l000m场地条件不同,速度节奏存在显著性差异,条件越差的比赛场地,其启动阶段加速节奏越快,600—1000m分段速度节奏越慢;（3）速度滑冰女子1000m高、低水平运动员百分速度节奏存在显著性差异,低水平运动员0—200m启动阶段相对加速节奏更快,600—1000m分段高水平运动员百分速度节奏更快。     

优秀男子速滑运动员500m全程速度量化特征研究

为探讨优秀速滑运动员500m全程速度节奏问题,以个案研究法对2008年荷兰短距离世锦赛我国两名优秀男子运动员比赛数据进行了量化分析,结果表明：（1）于凤桐滑跑内道时速度节奏控制较为合理,第一弯道和第二弯道滑跑充分利用弯道提供的有利条件实现了加速,但滑跑外道时在两个弯道表现较差。安伟江外道滑跑除第三直道降速较为明显外,其它段落滑跑较为合理,但内道滑跑时第一弯道未能实现应有加速,影响了整个全程的速度节奏分配;（2）最大速度能力、速度耐力和两次滑跑的稳定性对获取优异运动成绩起决定性作用,从本次比赛两次滑跑来看两名运动员稳定性较差;（3）弯道是节奏控制的关键区域,运动员应适当控制入弯道和出弯道速度节奏,充分利用弯道的力学优势合理加速。当速度节奏控制符合场地力学原理时运动成绩一般表现较好,反之较差。     

Skating

Technical evaluation in the sport of figure skating is characterized by a subjective marking system. Figure skating judges are responsible for quickly and accurately discerning the quality of technical elements as well as assigning a score to the overall aesthetic appearance of a performance. Traditionally, overall placement marks are assigned for the entire performance; however, the landing of a jump is widely acknowledged as one of the most critical elements of a skater's program. Therefore, our aims were to identify the biomechanical variables that contribute to technical success in executing landings and to establish whether landings rated as biomechanically optimal are also awarded high technical merit scores by judges. Ten nationally ranked competitive figure skaters were asked to execute on‐ice, double and triple revolution jumps and to try to land the jumps void of technical faults within a calibrated space. Data were collected at 60 Hz using standard three‐dimensional videography. Data reduction was done using the APAS system (Ariel Dynamics Inc). Concurrently, videotapes were viewed and evaluated by 42 accredited judges to determine the perceived technical quality of the landing performances. Judges were asked to evaluate the landing phase of each jump against a landing criteria document. A comparative criteria model was developed to facilitate an assessment of excellence in landing performances through both empirical and subjective analyses. Results of these analyses were twofold: a biomechanical profile of on‐ice landings was obtained, and on‐ice jump landing strategies rated by empirical evaluations were in agreement with judge's perceptions of the same performances.     

Skiing‐Skating

An articulated boot design is commonly used in skiing and skating sports because it allows sagittal plane ankle mobility while still providing critical frontal plane stability. Although articulated boots have been in use for several decades, current manufacturers of these boots differ in their articulation placement. In this study we determined an optimal position of the ankle articulation axis. We also calculated the amount of anterior skin movement that a boot tongue must account for during a full range of ankle motion. Three‐dimensional kinematic data were collected and analyzed from 40 participants moving their right foot through a full range of sagittal plane motion. The calculated horizontal position of the articulation axis was found to be highly predictable from foot length (r = 0.87, standard error of estimate = 3.44 mm), while its vertical component displayed less predictability (r = 0.49, standard error of estimate = 7.46 mm). The expansion required by the boot tongue had a moderate association with foot length and low variability (r = 0.58, standard error of estimate = 0.07 mm). An accurate axis placement will minimize relative motion between the boot cuff and the ankle, reducing friction and motion resistance. An expandable tongue will accommodate full plantar flexion and reduce pressure on the anterior ankle during dorsiflexion, eliminating common pressure‐related injuries.