The Development of the Olympic Narrative in Chinese Elite Sport Discourse from Its First Successful Olympic Bid to the Post-Beijing Games Era

Abstract

As a phenomenon exogenous to China, the Olympics have been proactively interpreted in the local context since China’s entry (and subsequent re-entry in 1984) into the Olympic movement. With China’s increasing involvement in promoting three bids to host the Olympic Games, two of which were successful, respectively, in 2001 and 2015, the nature of the discourse of key stakeholders in relation to Chinese elite sport has both reflected and reshaped the meaning of the Games to Chinese elite sport. This paper examines the discursive construction process of the Olympics in the Chinese elite sport system by key stakeholders through analyzing statements of political figures on sport and Olympic phenomena, Chinese elite sport policy documents, and the commentaries of leading Chinese sport academics. The analysis of discourse highlights two main features in the construction of the Games in official accounts during the period under investigation. The development of these two themes reflects the nature of the Chinese Olympic discourse, manifests the political power over the interpretation of the Olympics in Chinese context, and continues to characterize the on-going major themes in Chinese elite sport policy.     

The Development of Social Media and its Impact on the Intercultural Exchange of the Olympic Movement, 2004–2012

Abstract

The development of social media, in the form of Internet and mobile platforms, has rapidly flourished in the early twenty-first century. The changes in broadcasting forms of the first three Olympic Games of the twenty-first century, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008 and London 2012, have corresponded and reflected the speedy expansion of this social media. This phenomenon invites not only attention to the historical transformation of the roles of media for the Olympic Games but also reflection on the concept of culture and intercultural exchange based on this phenomenon. This paper studies the relationships between social media, cultural exchange and the Olympic Games in the context of globalization. It argues that the characteristics of social media as ‘participation; openness; conversation; communities; connectedness’ will meet up with the goal of the Olympic Movement and aid the realization of the Olympic Ideal.     

济南市举办第十一届全运会经济及社会效应研究

本文在分析第十一届全运会对济南社会经济发展影响作用的基础上，着重对全运会经济及社会效应进行了理论探讨，认为全运会效应具有很强的正负影响效果。全运会正效应具体表现为经济效应、社会效应、环境效应；负效应表现为虹吸效应、低谷效应和风险效应。应充分利用全运会的正效应，规避负效应。进而提出：为实现全运会经济社会效应最大化，应调整政府在全运会承办中的职能，推行全运会市场化运作；并给出实施第十一届全运会市场化运作的具体建议措施。     

基于SWOT分析法下中国橄榄球运动发展现状研究

运用SWOT分析法等对现阶段中国橄榄球运动的发展现状及其内部优势与不足、外部机遇与挑战进行分析研究。结果表明：橄榄球运动在我国大陆地区发展进程较慢,其主要原因包括该项目起步较晚、群众基础较差、硬件设施资源不足、运动文化冲突等因素,但该项目发展上升空间较大。     

Measurement precision of body composition variables in elite wheelchair athletes,using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of body composition measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 12 elite male wheelchair basketball players (age 31 ± 7 years, BMI 21 ± 2 kg/m² and onset of disability 25 ± 9 years). Two whole body scans were performed on each participant in the supine position on the same day, using Lunar Prodigy Advance DXA (GE Lunar, Madison, WI, USA). Participants dismounted from the scanning table and were repositioned in-between the first and second scan. Whole body coefficient of variation (CV) values for bone mineral content (BMC), fat mass (FM) and soft tissue lean mass (LTM) were all <2.0%. With the exclusion of arm FM (CV = 7.8%), CV values ranged from 0.1 to 3.7% for all total body and segmental measurements of BMC, FM and LTM. The least significant change that can be attributed to the effect of treatment intervention in an individual is 1.0 kg, 1.1 kg, 0.12 kg for FM, LTM, and BMC, respectively. This information can be used to determine meaningful changes in body composition when assessed using the same methods longitudinally. Whilst there may be challenges in the correct positioning of an individual with disability that can introduce greater measurement error, DXA is a highly reproducible technique in the estimation of total and regional body composition of elite wheelchair basketball athletes.     

武术入奥求发展的利弊分析

中华武术和奥林匹克运动无论从起源、发展轨迹、民族性格，还是从具体操作来看，都是两个难以相容的主题．北京申奥成功与武术入奥、武术发展并不能画上等号，为求入奥而削足适履的武术项目不利于中华武术文化在全世界的传播，武术入奥求发展弊大于利．     

海明威与杰克·伦敦小说中“硬汉子”形象比较

美国小说家海明威和杰克.伦敦在其小说创作中都塑了一些“硬汉子”形象。这些人物的共同点是在逆境中不畏艰难,敢于与命运抗争。但作家所处的不同时代背景和他们不同的世界观使他们创造的“硬汉子”的真正内涵不尽相同。     

析运动员赛前排泄频繁的成因

运动员赛前排泄频繁，主要特征是小便次数明显增多和不停的出汗，这种反应，实际上是心理诱导的作用，视为应激性排泄频繁。通过应激学说的论证原理如何加强赛前心理训练的原则和方法，可以缓解和消除赛前紧张和焦虑的应激刺激，使运动员水平得到充分的发挥。     

本体性游戏与幼儿元认知发展的研究

元认知在个体的发展中起着重要的作用。在不同的个体身上,元认知有成熟与次成熟之别,整体与局部之分。幼儿具有局部的次成熟的元认知。在本体性游戏的影响下,幼儿的元认知将获得较快的发展。     

师范毕业生教育游戏认知情况调研

教育游戏的应用与发展很大程度上依赖一线教师对教育游戏的理解,因此了解即将成为一线教师的师范毕业生对教育游戏的认知状况与期望有助于把握教育游戏应用的现状以及未来的发展趋向．该文通过对南京晓庄学院302名不同专业的师范毕业生的抽样调查,分析讨论了师范毕业生对教育游戏的概念认知、功能认知以及期望．通过调查发现：师范毕业生对教育游戏的概念认知程度偏低,不同专业的师范毕业生对教育游戏的概念认知情况存在较大差异;师范毕业生对教育游戏的教育功能持肯定态度;师范毕业生对教育游戏的课堂教学应用持怀疑态度;师范毕业生对于一款“好”教育游戏产品的期望主要表现在教育游戏的趣味性和教育性方面．