温度对蛙腓肠肌收缩的影响

研究不同的温度下蛙的肌肉收缩情况。结果表明,蛙腓肠肌肌肉收缩的最适温度是25℃,温度小于25℃时,肌肉收缩能力随温度升高而增强,温度大于25℃时,肌肉收缩能力随温度升高而减弱。     

利用表面张力值选择护肤化妆品的油相

从表面物理化学的角度提出化妆品的油相与皮肤相接触时的状态与液固接触的状态相当,建议利用油相的表观表面张力作为选择化妆品相的半定量依据。     

Effects of plyometric training on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance in male and female soccer players

In a randomised controlled trial design, effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance performance were compared in male and female soccer players. Young (age 21.1 ± 2.7 years) players with similar training load and competitive background were assigned to training (women, n = 19; men, n = 21) and control (women, n = 19; men, n = 21) groups. Players were evaluated for lower- and upper-body maximal-intensity exercise, 30 m sprint, change of direction speed and endurance performance before and after 6 weeks of training. After intervention, the control groups did not change, whereas both training groups improved jumps (effect size (ES) = 0.35–1.76), throwing (ES = 0.62–0.78), sprint (ES = 0.86–1.44), change of direction speed (ES = 0.46–0.85) and endurance performance (ES = 0.42–0.62). There were no differences in performance improvements between the plyometric training groups. Both plyometric groups improved more in all performance tests than the controls. The results suggest that adaptations to plyometric training do not differ between men and women.     

Ankle muscle strength influence on muscle activation during dynamic and static ankle training modalities

Muscle weakness is considered a risk factor for ankle injury. Balance training and barefoot running have been used in an attempt to strengthen the muscles crossing the ankle. It is expected that training tasks that successfully strengthen the ankle would elicit increased muscular activity. However, it is unknown how an individual's ankle strength will influence the muscle activity used during a given task. Twenty-six participants performed dynamic (shod, barefoot running) and static tasks (squat on ground, squat on ®Bosu Ball) believed to strengthen the muscles surrounding the ankle. Electromyographic signals of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) were recorded and analysed using a non-linearly scaled wavelet analysis. Participants were divided into a strong group and a weak group according to their isometric plantar-flexion torque. The weak group required more relative GL and GM muscle activity during each training task compared to the strong group. No difference was observed between shod and barefoot running. There was a significant effect of training task on muscle activation level for the weak group. Differences in ankle strength had a significant impact on muscle activation.     

必要的张力:知识观的冲突与高等教育的价值整合

在“大学的理想”与“大学的使命”之间,既折射着高等教育价值观的传统与变革的历史轨迹,又隐含着理性主义与功利主义知识观的现实冲突。时至今日,人们已经很难在理性与功利之间作出“非此即彼”的选择。冲突不可避免,整合是当务之急。对中国高等教育而言,需要“多一些理性,少一些功利”,以“必要的张力”为思路,实现高等教育价值整体上的制衡和宏观上的整合。     

Digitizing the Ivan Doig Archive at Montana State University: a rise to the challenge illustrates creative tension

This article contextualizes the leadership concept of creative tension by describing the acquisition, processing and digitization of the Ivan Doig Archive at the Montana State University Library. The project is framed as an illustration of strategies that can generate and sustain momentum toward achieving ambitious goals while building staff confidence. Perspectives from library staff and faculty who worked on the project are included alongside the view of the dean and an external organizational development manager.     

日光灯低压起动的方法

本文阐述了在低压情况下,简单可行起动日光灯的方法、起动原理。     

论社会转型时期理想人格的两极张力与重构

理想人格在理论设计与具体实践中都存在着不可避免的两极张力,即应然与实然的距离,普遍性与特殊性的矛盾,他律与自律的整合,社会导向与个人选择的冲突等。正是由于对此两极处理中的偏斜,才导致了传统理想人格的单向度和人格教育的片面性。要使理想人格具有感召力,必须保持适度的和必要的张力。社会转型时期的人格重构应把握的原则是:理想人格的世俗化;理想人格的多元化;理想人格的人本化;人格教育的阶段性;找回榜样的力量。     

几种先天畸形胎儿的骨骼肌组织学观察与比较

目的:探讨先天畸形胎儿与正常胎儿骨骼肌的光镜结构差异,为畸形胎儿的骨骼肌发育研究提供形态学方面的资料。方法:用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,通过光学显微镜观察畸形胎儿及正常胎儿的骨骼肌。结果:并(缺)指、胸腹联胎和兔唇畸形胎儿的骨骼肌光镜结构与正常胎儿的相比无明显差异;而无脑儿的骨骼肌光镜结构与正常胎儿的相比有明显差异。结论:无脑儿神经系统发育异常影响了其骨骼肌纤维的正常发育。     

中学生家庭教育与学校教育间张力的社会学分析

家庭和学校作为承担对个体的教育功能的最重要主体,在共同促进个人的社会化方面存在着许多张力。家庭教育的非制度性与学校教育的制度性造成的教育内容分离的张力;对教育资源的追求与现实状况之间的张力;对个体的教育期望不一致造成的张力以及两大教育主体的相互期望不一致造成的张力。在对这些张力做出了理论分析的基础上,提出了相应的对策。