意识的微管引力说:彭罗斯关于意识的物理学解读

不同于神经科学家们所坚持的意识计算主义方法,当代著名的量子物理学家罗杰·彭罗斯却坚持从量子力学的方法来处理意识问题。彭罗斯不认同哥本哈根学派对于量子测量问的坍缩解释,提出测量过程中的客观还原论解释,重新定义了意识和波函数坍缩的关系。不仅如此,在深刻分析人脑神经元微管结构的基础上,彭罗斯还指出,微管中存在着产生量子客观还原或波函数坍缩的生物条件。为此,他将客观还原论引入微管结构中,与斯图亚特·哈梅洛夫一起提出了其解释意识的OrchOR模型,在意识研究领域产生了深远的影响。然而,由于彭罗斯并没有构建一个完全物理学意义上的意识理论,他的OrchOR模型在意识产生的因果解释上显得比较模糊,特别是难以得到相关实验的证实。因而,彭罗斯关于意识的物理学解读还存在许多不足,有待进一步探讨。     

逻辑函数的或／与形式及其在数字电路设计中的应用

从代数与电路两方面对函数或／与形式的作用与应用进行了讨论，结果表明，或／与形式在用于电路实现时具有很大特点，因此在数字电路的设计时应该予以充分重视．     

启发式教学在运筹学课程中的应用与实践

本文从分析运筹学的学科性质出发,研究了启发式教学在运筹学课程中的应用,给出了若干教学原则,并根据作者的教学实践,提出了在运筹学本科教学实践中常用的5类启发式教学法以及教学改革的进一步设想与展望。     

读“细节决定成败”有感

阐述构成"细节决定成败"的前提和现实指导性,对它的正确理解和运用,以及注重细节必须长期坚持不懈。     

一类有尺寸大小的在线分批排序问题

研究了工件有尺寸大小的一致性在线分批排序．就所有工件有两个到达时间ri,i=1,2(不妨设r1=0,r2=r)对于0时刻到达的工件中加工时间最大的批满足一定的约束条件下的一致性在线分批排序给出一个在线算法,并证明了算法的竞争比不超过2．357．     

Periosteal thickening as a manifestation of trauma in infancy

This paper reports the findings in a study of the incidence of periosteal elevation in children and its possible relationship to child abuse. Two separate sets of radiographs of the skeleton of children were taken for a variety of diagnostic purposes. The suspected abuse set consisted of 59 radiographs taken for suspected child abuse. The mean age for all patients examined was 1.22 years whereas, the mean age for patients with cortical thickening was 0.5 years, suggesting that cortical thickening occurs in a relatively young population. Cortical thickening was assessed by reason for examination. A significant difference (p = .05) was detected with 6/8 (75%) of the patients with cortical thickening from the suspected child abuse groups and only 2/8 (25%) of the patients from the seizure-diagnostic category. The two infants who were noted to have periosteal elevation but were not suspected of abuse had experienced unusual circumstances, one was wearing an abduction splint and the other was a severely hypotonic premature. It is our impression that periosteal thickening is not a normal finding in infants and does not represent a consequence of normal infant care practices. In each case in which cortical thickening was detected, there was evidence to suggest that the child had experienced abnormal or rough handling. As a result of these findings, we believe that cortical thickening of the long bones detected on radiograph is an indication of child abuse.