北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展效应及协同推进策略研究

摘要：以冬奥会进入“北京周期”后为契机,采用文献资料和实地调查等研究方法,对北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展效应及协同推进策略进行了研究。研究认为：北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展的效应明显,主要表现在北京市冰雪场馆建设数量明显增加、连续举办的国际冰雪赛事和国内冰雪赛事促进冰雪旅游发展的影响力明显提升、冰雪旅游融合效应显著;天津市冰雪旅游协同发展目标明确深耕细作释放新活力效果显著、冰雪旅游民生工程建设落实有声、“冰雪旅游+文化”深度融合带来红利;河北省在滑雪场和滑冰场数量逐年提升、以张家口为核心的冰雪旅游发展区位优势明显、生态冰雪旅游发展成效显著。据此提出构建京津冀冰雪体育产业链,促进京津冀冰雪旅游产业经济生态圈建设的可持续发展;以全域旅游发展理念为引领,构建多元化的京津冀冰雪旅游公共服务体系;构建完善的京津冀生态冰雪旅游资源开发与环境保障体系的北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展效应的协同推进策略。     

Systems model and individual simulations of training strategies in elite short-track speed skaters

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated training strategies on performance potential in elite short-track speed skaters. Training load and field-based criterion performances from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were collected over a 3-month training period and the relationship between training loads and performance was computed with a variable dose-response model using a genetic algorithm. Individual simulations of tapers preceded or not preceded by an overload training (OT) were assessed. We obtained a significant correlation between actual and modelled performances (R² = 0.76 ± 0.07). Regarding model parameters, no significant difference was found between males and females but the time to recover performance tended to be lower in females. Simulations in which the taper parameters were free highlighted that an exponential or a step taper were the most effective for increasing performance compared to a linear taper (p < 0.05). Optimal exponential taper duration after OT was 10.7 ± 2.4d and the optimal load reduction was 75.9 ± 3.7%. OT intensity had the greatest influence on the predicted performance, followed by OT duration, taper decay, and to a lesser extent load reduction during taper and taper duration. Thus, a variable dose-response systems model allows the evaluation of different taper strategies and their potential effect on performance changes.     

‘The old days of amateurism are over’: the Samaranch revolution and the return of Olympic tennis

Tennis featured in every Olympics from 1896 to 1924, after which disagreements between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) on matters pertaining to organisational control and the amateur eligibility of players led to tennis being removed from the Olympic Games as a full-medal event until the 1988 Seoul Olympics. This paper traces the steps of the sport’s reinstatement, from when efforts commenced in the 1950s, setting this development in the contexts of: broader political movements, shifting IOC leadership, burgeoning commercialisation of Olympic sport, the concomitant push for professionalisation and the declining influence of amateur ideals within both the Olympic movement and international tennis. Under the leadership of the amateur stalwart Avery Brundage, the IOC stymied attempts to facilitate tennis’s re-entry, challenging both the ILTF on failing to deal with widespread ‘sham-amateur’ practices and the avaricious promoters luring amateur players toward the professional ranks. Brundage and the IOC also strongly condemned the move to ‘open’ tennis and an acceptance of full-blown professionalism. Only a change in leadership, firstly with Lord Killanin and then the progressive reformer Juan Antonio Samaranch, did the IOC recognise the value of tennis within the Olympic movement, which by then had itself become increasingly money-oriented.     

北京奥运会和山东全运会男子1500米自由泳前三名战术探讨

1500米自由泳是竞技游泳项目中距离最长的项目。运动员在各分段中速度变化的具体表现能够客观反应其比赛战术。本文运用文献分析法、录像观察法对北京奥运会和山东全运会1500米自由泳决赛运动员的战术进行分析和探讨,分析得出长距离游泳战术类型分为前慢后快、前快后慢、相随、匀速和变速共五种战术。前慢后快战术和变速战术是世界级游泳运动员的常规战术之一。我国游泳运动员应加强后半程的游进能力,加强战术模拟训练,提升赛扬的战术执行能力。     

奥林匹克运动的兴起

19世纪末兴起的奥林匹克运动,是人类社会进入工业文明以后开始的一项伟大的社会实践。研究奥林匹克运动兴起的时代背景,分析促进奥林匹克运动兴起的各种因素,可以为更全面、深刻地认识这一当今世界上规模和影响力最大的社会文化运动提供有益的参考。文章运用文献资料研究法研究,结果表明:奥林匹克运动的兴起,是由一个广阔的时代背景长期孕育的结果。在三大思想文化运动、资本主义工业化生产、古希腊传统体育的影响、资产阶级的教育改革、体育的国际化趋势、人们渴望和平的愿望和法国教育家顾拜旦的努力等多种因素作用下兴起的奥林匹克运动顺应了时代发展的潮流,成为人类社会团结、友谊、进步的象征和维护世界和平的重要力量。     

萨马兰奇改革传统奥运模式的历史必然性及其哲学思辨

为了揭示萨马兰奇改革传统奥运会模式的历史必然性及剖析其思想底蕴。运用社会结构分型理论、一般系统论、存在进化理论和信仰理论对萨马兰奇变革传统奥运模式的历史必然性进行了思辨。认为：萨马兰奇对奥运传统模式的改革是奥林匹克运动发展中的一场革命。它适应了社会生产力的新变化对奥林匹克运动提出的新要求;它反映了奥运模式是主、客观内在统一的认识论规律,它区别了信仰和主义;它折射了开放性的动态思维的光辉。     

菲尔普斯的奥运传奇与启示

北京奥运会,菲尔普斯一举取得8枚金牌,创造了一届奥运会打破7项世界纪录、两届奥运会14块金牌总数的奥运传奇,成为国际社会热议的焦点。从“精神解剖”和“物质解剖”两方面来探寻菲尔普斯创造奇迹的原因,认为菲尔普斯的成功为我国游泳项目发展提供了有益的借鉴和启示。     

奥林匹克运动跨文化传播价值及其发展策略

采用文献资料等研究方法,对奥林匹克运动跨文化传播问题进行探讨。认为:奥林匹克运动通过全球跨文化传播,对于人类社会文化的整合、传承、交流、国家形象的展示及社会和谐发展具有重要价值。结合北京奥运会,提出避免文化单一化,实现奥林匹克文化的多元共存;树立跨文化传播的理念;营造世界民族平等、和谐氛围;充分发挥现代媒体网络跨文化传播效应等发展策略。     

现代奥运会艺术比赛的由来和历史沿革

对现代奥运会艺术比赛的发展历程进行分析,借以说明它的重要意义和积极作用.奥运会是集文化艺术、商业活动和竞技比赛的盛大集会,现代奥运会与古代奥运会别无二致.虽然从十九世纪中叶开始,奥运会就设置了艺术比赛的项目,但由于艺术门类多样、评价标准不一等原因,是否应该设项比赛的问题始终困扰着国际奥委会和承办国,最后不得不将艺术比赛改为艺术展览.艺术与体育的审美效果具有合则双赢,离则两伤的特点.古代希腊人创立的这种模式具有非凡的文化意义和积极的社会作用,它被今天的人类继承、发扬和改良,相信它还将被永远地传承下去.     

北京奥运会与学校体育和谐发展的研究

当奥运会圣火伴随手拉手世界和平之乐熄灭之后,通过奥运精神的沉淀、推广和宣传,对人文素养、大众健康理念、健身意识、全社会文明程度的促进将提升到一个崭新的水平。我国通过举办2008年奥运会所体现出的奥运精神和奥运会蕴涵的丰富教育理念、文化价值、教育内容和素材将对中国学校体育带来的巨大影响与急需解决的问题。