我国高尔夫球奥运选手与世界优秀选手一号木数据对比分析

采用文献资料法、实地考察法、数理统计法和对比分析法,对我国奥运选手和世界优秀选手的一号木数据进行分析。发现,在实地考察的球洞中,世界优秀选手全四轮均使用一号木开球,而我国男子选手则是一号木、三号木交替开球,可能是由于对自身一号木开球技术不够自信;我国男子选手的一号木平均开球距离、上球道率较世界优秀选手均差距较大;我国女子选手的一号木平均开球距离与世界优秀选手较为接近,但上球道率有待提高。建议,男子选手加强开球距离和上球道率的训练,女子选手加强上球道率的训练;冯珊珊进一步提升开球距离;在比赛前要对场地进行多次熟悉,找到合适的开球策略。     

Systems model and individual simulations of training strategies in elite short-track speed skaters

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated training strategies on performance potential in elite short-track speed skaters. Training load and field-based criterion performances from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were collected over a 3-month training period and the relationship between training loads and performance was computed with a variable dose-response model using a genetic algorithm. Individual simulations of tapers preceded or not preceded by an overload training (OT) were assessed. We obtained a significant correlation between actual and modelled performances (R² = 0.76 ± 0.07). Regarding model parameters, no significant difference was found between males and females but the time to recover performance tended to be lower in females. Simulations in which the taper parameters were free highlighted that an exponential or a step taper were the most effective for increasing performance compared to a linear taper (p < 0.05). Optimal exponential taper duration after OT was 10.7 ± 2.4d and the optimal load reduction was 75.9 ± 3.7%. OT intensity had the greatest influence on the predicted performance, followed by OT duration, taper decay, and to a lesser extent load reduction during taper and taper duration. Thus, a variable dose-response systems model allows the evaluation of different taper strategies and their potential effect on performance changes.     

新规则视角下男子跆拳道技战术发展趋势——以世界冠军李大勋为例

文章采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、视频分析法和数理统计法,对李大勋在重大国际赛事中的交手回合、基本技术、组合技术的应用频数以及成功率等指标进行统计分析。根据2018-2019年度世界跆拳道联盟公布的最新奥运积分显示,李大勋拥有605.94个奥运积分且高于第二名将近300余分,目前世界排名第一,其技战术风格具有一定的代表性。结果显示：李大勋在比赛中习惯采用前腿侧踢与前腿横踢技术进行主动进攻、控制距离、防守破坏、封堵迎击;利用后腿横踢技术进行补充击打;灵活使用中变中、中变高等变线技术突破对手;新规则后近身贴靠时攻防转换技战术变化多样,"推+踢"技术运用巧妙,增加了其得分手段。分析认为,在实施新规则的比赛中李大勋结合判罚尺度与分值的变化,优化了进攻方式,增加了得分手段,提高了时局节奏,同时反映出现阶段跆拳道项目技战术发展趋势。     

Did London 2012 deliver a sports participation legacy?

Despite the increasing academic interest in the analysis of the Olympic legacy, there is a relative knowledge gap as far as sports participation legacy is concerned. The authors bridge this gap by analysing the short-term sports participation legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games on the adult population in England. By using data from the Active People Survey and considering different sports participation variables and the effect of the economic climate, results demonstrate a positive association with participation from hosting the Games. Participation rates were adjusted to take into account seasonality and changes in the gross domestic product (GDP), accounting in this way for the effect of the recent economic recession. The biggest effect was observed in relation to frequent participation (at least three times per week for at least 30 min) in the year immediately after the Games. In 2014, the sports participation rates fell relative to 2013 but remained higher than pre-Olympic levels. The sport participation legacy of the Olympic Games appeared to have significant differences between socio-demographic groups.     

Interorganisational conflict between national and provincial sport organisations within China’s elite sport system: Perspectives from national organisations

In this article, the authors examine interorganisational conflict between provincial and national sport organisations in China. The authors theoretically ground the research in work related to interorganisational relationships and interorganisational conflict. The three case studies are artistic gymnastics, swimming, and cycling, and the authors conducted interviews with 11 staff from the relevant national-level sport organisations. Secondary data was sourced from official publications, websites, and influential domestic media. The key finding is that, whilst famed for its top-down bureaucratic system, there is considerable interorganisational conflict within the Chinese sport system. The extent and characteristics of the national-provincial conflict vary between sports. But there is also some consistency regarding the causes of the conflict and the measures adopted to mitigate the tension. Interorganisational conflict provides a useful heuristic for articulating and understanding the interorganisational relationships within the Chinese elite sport system and hence advances elite sport management research.     

我国优秀青少年男排运动员专项体能特征的评价研究

运用文献资料、专家访谈、录像观察和数理统计等科研方法,以东京奥运周期中23届和24届羽毛球世锦赛成绩为主要依据,分析我国男子羽毛球发展现状及各国在各单项上的竞技实力,前瞻东京奥运会周期世界男子羽毛球竞争格局。结论如下：我国男子羽毛球队虽然取得了不少成绩,但也面临着人才青黄不接、年轻选手比赛经验不足,心理素质较差、技战术观念滞后等的尴尬局面。在竞争格局上,中国男子羽毛球队在世界羽坛上的优势地位遭到了严峻挑战,以丹麦为首的西方国家羽毛球队实力逐渐增强,亚欧之间的竞争力呈缩小之态势。在男子单打项目上,呈现出群雄逐鹿的局面;男子双打项目,则呈现出三足鼎立之势;混双方面,我国实力强劲,力压群雄,保持着较强的竞技水平。     

北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展效应及协同推进策略研究

摘要：以冬奥会进入“北京周期”后为契机,采用文献资料和实地调查等研究方法,对北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展效应及协同推进策略进行了研究。研究认为：北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展的效应明显,主要表现在北京市冰雪场馆建设数量明显增加、连续举办的国际冰雪赛事和国内冰雪赛事促进冰雪旅游发展的影响力明显提升、冰雪旅游融合效应显著;天津市冰雪旅游协同发展目标明确深耕细作释放新活力效果显著、冰雪旅游民生工程建设落实有声、“冰雪旅游+文化”深度融合带来红利;河北省在滑雪场和滑冰场数量逐年提升、以张家口为核心的冰雪旅游发展区位优势明显、生态冰雪旅游发展成效显著。据此提出构建京津冀冰雪体育产业链,促进京津冀冰雪旅游产业经济生态圈建设的可持续发展;以全域旅游发展理念为引领,构建多元化的京津冀冰雪旅游公共服务体系;构建完善的京津冀生态冰雪旅游资源开发与环境保障体系的北京冬奥会推动京津冀冰雪旅游发展效应的协同推进策略。     

基于北京冬奥会视域下我国冰雪运动发展研究

北京2022年冬奥会的成功申办,为推动我国冰雪运动的发展迎来了新的契机。研究基于我国冰雪运动发展推进的意义与策略,通过对我国冰雪运动发展现状的分析,探寻目前所存在的问题和冬奥会的成功申办对我国冰雪运动的积极影响,进而从服务全民健身国家战略需要,推动冰雪产业与旅游产业协同发展等方面诠释了发展冰雪运动的意义,最后从发挥政府政策驱动作用、实现南北场地相对均衡、探索冰雪人才培养机制三个方面,提出推动我国冰雪运动发展的策略。     

新时期我国冬季运动项目的竞技发展研究

摘要：为了更好地促进我国冬季运动项目的持续发展,通过文献资料、专家访谈等方法,对我国冬季项目的竞技发展问题进行专门研究。研究发现,近年来我国冬季项目取得了重要发展,同时也还面临诸多问题。我们要充分利用好2022年冬奥会在中国举办的历史契机,继续坚持全面发展与多点联动的基本原则,系统梳理新时期的竞技发展思路,力争实现潜优势项目与优势项目的共同发展,有序推进冬季项目“南展西扩”工程,逐步形成“东北地区-京津冀地区-西北地区-南方省份”协同发展的区域格局,全面提高我国冬季运动项目的竞技水平。     

奥运会男子篮球竞技格局与发展特征研究

采用文献资料、ABC分类和数据统计等方法,以历届奥运会男篮比赛前8名国家为对象,旨在剖析奥运会男子篮球的竞技格局和发展特征。由于政治动荡,以及区域经济和文化的发展与变迁,在各个不同的历史阶段,世界男篮呈现出不同的竞技格局。但从整个历程来看,欧美对抗是一种常态,大洋洲和亚洲实力相当且与欧美有很大差距,非洲则一直处于落后地位,从未有任何国家进入过前8名。就各国实力而言,美国一枝独秀,共获得14次冠军,原苏联和前南斯拉夫在20世纪5080年代能与美国分庭抗争,西班牙、阿根廷和巴西具有超强实力。随着竞技篮球职业化和全球化的推进,使美洲“个人篮球”和欧洲“整体篮球”风格相互融合,奥运会男篮比赛的对抗性、观赏性和商业性更强,其重要地位也进一步得到凸显。当前处于低谷的中国男篮,只有加强优秀教练员和球员的储备,推进CBA联赛管理体制改革,才能实现竞技能力和竞赛成绩的新突破。