武林秘籍：武侠小说“情节模式”论之一

“武林秘籍”在武侠小说中频频出现，皆受瞩目，是武侠小说常见模式之一。“武林秘籍”模式导因于“武”，从“武林盟主”、“武林至尊”的区别中，可以发现在武侠小说中，武功是最关键的因素。“武林秘籍”的设计具有高超性、隐秘性、神异性、灵妙性、正宗性、道德性的特点，对小说的情节设计及推展具有枢纽作用。     

关于师资队伍建设和科研工作的思考

师资队伍建设是高职院校工作的战略重点,抓好科研工作,以研促教是加强师资队伍建设的重要途径。首先,要树立现代教育发展观,把握21世纪的时代特点,全面提高教师的整体素质;其次,要抓住重点,培育优秀学科带头人;第三,要进一步推进人事制度改革,创设良好的制度环境,更好地激励教师成长,促进学科发展。     

Practicing Social Skills Training for Young Children with Low Peer Acceptance: A Cognitive-Social Learning Model

Peer acceptance during early childhood is related to children's academic achievement, adjustment in school, and even psychological well-being in adulthood. Children who experience low peer acceptance exhibit socially inappropriate behavior patterns, which are associated with irrelevant patterns of information processing. Therefore, as a way of helping children with low peer acceptance, a cognitive-social learning model of social skills training has been used because the model focuses on cognitive changes as well as behavioral changes. Three parts of the social skills training—enhancing skill concepts, promoting skill performance, and fostering skill maintenance/generalization—are discussed. In order to be successful, a trainer should understand the training model as well as behavioral patterns of children with low peer acceptance to provide theory-based and individualized feedback to each participant.     

我国古代领导者素质理论的现代启示

领导者的素质,主要指个人经后天努力和在教育、环境的影响下所形成的,适合于从事领导工作的比较稳定的思想观念、品德操守、知识能力等方面的品质。我国古代思想家、政治家从一定的政治理念出发,围绕如何提高统治效率,创造性地提出了许多关于领导者素质和素质结构的思想,形成了一套完整的封建社会视野下的领导者素质理论,其中不乏在现代社会仍有借鉴意义的光辉思想。     

Peer perceptions of students receiving pull-out services in elementary school: A multi-age study

This study examined the peer nominations of 213 children in Kindergarten (90), 3rd grade (58), and 5th grade (65) to examine their perceptions of peers who received pull-out services for unique needs. Using Coie, Dodge, and Coppotelli’s[1982. “Dimensions and Types of Social Status: A Cross-age Perspective.” Developmental Psychology 18 (4): 557–570] protocol for assessing sociometric status in children, the results revealed that peer perceptions of most liked (ML) and least liked (LL) in the classroom were associated with pull-out status, with those students who did not receive pull-out services receiving more nominations as ML than their peers who did leave the classroom for pull-out services. Social impact scores for children who received pull-out services were not significantly different from those of children who did not receive pull-out services, but significant differences were revealed for social preference scores. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed.     

The protective role of teacher–student relationships against peer victimization and psychosocial distress

This study examined whether teacher–student relationships protect against peer victimization and its negative psychosocial effects (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). Additionally, the influence of teacher–student relationships, peer relationships, and students’ perceptions of school order and discipline was investigated as these variables were expected to be negatively related to the former. Data were collected from high school‐aged adolescents (N = 539; 51% female) in the U.S. Southwest. Study results indicate that teacher–student relationships buffered against experiencing psychosocial distress associated with peer victimization. Although positive teacher–student relationships, peer relationships, and students’ perceptions of school order and discipline all were negatively associated with peer victimization and psychosocial distress, teacher–student relationships were robustly related to peer victimization and psychosocial distress over the influence of the previous variables. In other words, as a key study finding, teacher–student relationships may reduce the impact of peer victimization by mitigating its negative psychosocial effects in a robust yet relatively unexplored way. Therefore, although more research is needed, fostering positive teacher–student relationships might be an effective way to reduce peer victimization as well as its negative effects.     

Peering inside research networks: Some observations on the effect of the intensity of collaboration on the variability of research quality

Although there is some general agreement that increasing levels of collaboration amongst academics produce research papers that receive more citations, and that larger numbers of citations often imply higher quality, the issue of collaboration and its effect upon research output remains a controversial area with a wide range of views of what role collaboration plays and its general implications for quality. This paper re-examines the process of collaboration within research networks. It considers the role of collaboration and its effect on quality by studying the relationship between the level of interaction within research networks (collaboration) and the extent of variability of quality within those research networks. Twenty-two scientific networks from Austria are examined. The findings of the analysis are that increasing levels of collaboration are strongly associated with lower levels of variability of quality within each network. The conclusion is therefore drawn that collaboration at the level of the research network acts upon research quality qua peer review and that this peer review effect is inherent throughout the research process.     

差序格局学术社会中同行评议制度实施之困

在破“五唯”政策背景下,完善同行评议制度对我国教育文化事业高质量内涵式发展具有重要意义。同行评议制度作为一种“舶来品”,在成为我国学术评价制度的重要组成部分之后,其实施原则由西方的“知识本位”转化为我国的“社会本位”。然而,我国学术社会在发展过程中形成了差序格局,具有自我主义和等级差序的特征,表征为师门流派和学术差等现象。在差序格局学术社会中,自我主义导致评议专家产生评议偏好,等级差序阻碍学术新人显露头角,人治社会削弱了评议的规范性,不利于同行评议制度的有效实施,影响着我国教育文化事业的高质量内涵式发展。     

网络意见领袖的产生、特征及培养

网络意见领袖是伴随互联网的产生而出现的一种新的社会个体或群体。互联网独特的环境、网民多元的需要以及普通网民对权威的依赖等是网络意见领袖产生的重要条件。网络意见领袖的主要类型有论坛版主、知名人物、网络写手、网络博客等。他们往往具有社会学的想象力、较强的人际吸引力、善于进行印象驾驭等优点。     

北京和外省市部分高校教练员领导行为的调查——高校教练员管理素质的研究

依据国内外领导理论编制综合的调查问卷，围绕“教练员领导行为”对35名北京和外省市高校教练员实施问卷调查。结果表明：1)在控制源方面均以内部控制为主，北京教练员的重要人物外控水平比外省市教练略高，外省市教练员的机遇外控水平比北京教练员略高；2)在领导方式上均属于专制一民主混合型的领导方式；均没有民主型和极端民主型领导方式教练；北京教练员在专制型领导方式上的人数百分比略高于外省市教练员。同时对高校教练员的领导方式提出了具体建议。