Differential responsiveness to a parenting intervention for mothers in substance abuse treatment

This study examines the relationship between levels of psychological distress in substance-dependent mothers and their differential response to a dyadic parent–child intervention. A sample of 66 mothers who were receiving treatment for substance abuse, as well as a simultaneous parenting intervention, were interviewed pre and post-treatment on measures of psychological distress, adult and child trauma history, parental reflective functioning, and child social–emotional development. Additionally, clinicians provided assessments of the parent–child relationships. As anticipated, trauma histories for mothers and children, children's social emotional development, and parental reflective functioning were associated with aspects of maternal psychological distress. Kruskal–Wallis and subsequent Wilcoxson signed rank tests revealed that women with highest levels of baseline psychological distress showed significant improvements in psychological functioning post-treatment while women with moderately elevated levels of psychological distress did not. Women who were most distressed at baseline showed increased levels of parental reflective functioning post-treatment while women with moderate and lower levels of baseline psychological distress showed improvements on clinician-rated assessments of parent–child relationships. Chi Square analyses showed that parents who endorsed the highest levels of distress at baseline reported that their children's risk status regarding social–emotional development decreased post-treatment. Despite similarities in substance dependence, mothers in this sample had different needs and outcomes in the context of this parenting intervention due to variation in mental health. Given this variation, parenting interventions for substance-dependent mothers need to account for the individual differences in levels of psychological distress.     

人生盛宴中的乔伊斯--对《憾事一桩》中达菲先生的原型分析

爱尔兰文学巨匠乔伊斯的《都柏林人》是对爱尔兰昏昏噩噩的群体精神文化现状的真实写照。乔伊斯在无意识的创作过程中深入地剖析了爱尔兰国民文化的劣根性,同时也对自己的精神和心理进行了解构与分析。《憾事一桩》中的主人公达菲先生就是乔伊斯无意识的化身,是乔伊斯力求拯救的业已陷入精神沦陷危机边缘的那部分自我。文章从分析心理学角度分析达菲先生的精神并建构达菲先生的心理原型,力求呈现乔伊斯在无意识的创作过程中的动态的心理图景。     

领导者自我认知测评系统开发

领导者需要努力了解自身性格问题,通过获得更深刻的自我认知,避免性格缺陷,提高领导能力。设计开发了领导者自我认知测评系统,利用ASP和SQL Server数据库技术将系统建立在Web上,系统功能较强,具有适应性、简单性、易用性、高效可管理性、可扩展性等特点。     

心理账户、享乐编辑与灌溉水价——来自四川省灌区农民的调查分析

分析农民对灌溉水价的内隐心理决策机理是理解农民的水费支付行为,以及解决灌溉水价现存问题的关键切入点之一。本文首次以行为经济学中关于主体经济决策的心理账户(MA)与享乐编辑(HE)理论对农民灌溉水价的心理决策机理做了理论分析,提出了两个研究假说,并以四川省的调查数据进行了验证与讨论。结果表明:灌溉水价的问题可通过提高水价和增加收入这两个方案的综合配套来解决。由于农民受MA影响,增加收入方案可将现行的暗中补贴改为明补,并设置成为国家专立的直接补贴农民的灌溉水价补贴项目;由于农民受HE规则影响,对两方案间分离实施的时间跨度与先后顺序、相对大小关系、实施频率与方式以及适用区域等都有特定要求,并且两方案在实施时的时间维度和空间维度上需以反享乐编辑规则对农民进行反向激励,本文均对其做了讨论与分析,最后还指出了进一步研究与创新的方向。     

家庭背景、学校氛围如何影响学生抗逆力? ——基于PISA 2018的实证分析

基于PISA 2018中国四省市数据,对家庭背景、学校氛围与学生抗逆力的影响机制进行分析.研究发现,对标OECD国家进行比较,中国四省市抗逆力表现略低于国际水平;家庭背景层面,家庭文化资本和经济资本对学生抗逆力提升更有效,而家庭社会资本则无显著影响;学校层面,学校氛围能显著正向影响学生抗逆力;学校氛围和家庭背景对学生抗...     

Understanding information diffusion with psychological field dynamic

Several approaches focus on how to automatically capture the latent features from original diffusion data and predict the future scale of cascades utilizing a black box framework. However, they ignore the penetrating insight into the underlying mechanism that how each participant is involved in the cascade. In this work, we bridge the gap between prediction and understanding of information diffusion by incorporating deep learning techniques and social psychology. To characterize individual participation driven by both subjective and objective impetus and integrate it into the macro-level cascade, we propose an end-to-end model, named PFDID, which is designed based on the field dynamics theory of psychology, including the intrinsic cognition field and the extrinsic environment field. We represent these two field dynamics respectively with the pairwise semantic relation between the message itself and corresponding comment and the forwarder’s micro-community activity embedding to provide educated explanations for forwarding behaviour. Afterwards, the cross infusion mechanism is designed to calculate the mutual influence of inhomogeneous field dynamics inside users and cross influence of homogeneous field dynamics among individuals, whose output is fed into the diffusion network aggregation layer for the cascade size prediction. Extensive experiments on two typical social networks, Sina Weibo and Twitter, manifest that the proposed PFDID outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. Our model achieves excellent prediction results, with MSLE = 1.856 on Sina Weibo and MSLE = 1.962 on Twitter, providing 6.54% and 10.53% relative performance gains, respectively. Furthermore, the interpretability is also discussed based on detailed visualization. We observe that the psychological impetus behind social behaviour varies mainly following two patterns with the spread of information, including gradual change and joint influence. Additionally, the indirect dependencies have also been verified.     

说“垃圾学术”简

透过种种垃圾学术现象,我们看到的是学界的风气坏了,人格堕落了.根源何在？就在于“逼良为娼”的评价体系.以学术评价体系来说,它鼓励的是那些善于拉关系,走门路,弄虚作假、不学有术（钻营之术）之徒,这些人在现行评价体系下,如鱼得水,呼风唤雨,神通广大,要啥就能弄到啥,因而都成了学术“精英”.而那些埋首书窗、苦坐冷板凳、“恒兀兀以穷年”地钻研真学问的老实人,由于不懂、也不屑于去钻营这些潜规则,所以课题无缘,论文无处发表,要啥没啥,按现下的评价标准,只能成为被淘汰的对象.所以,现行学术评价体系正如有学者所说,是一种“汰优”制度.     

提高“中国哲学史”教学效率的几点思考——以贵州师范学院为例

在课堂教学活动中,教师是传授知识的主体,而学生则是接受知识的主体。因此,教师在探索提高课堂教学效率的具体方法和途径的过程中,不但要意识到自己的主体性地位,还要充分考虑和尊重学生的主体性地位。本文即是从师生互为主体的角度探索提高“中国哲学史”课堂教学效率的方法。     

应用型本科院校学风建设长效机制构建策略研究

应用型本科教育作为一种新时期的高等教育类型,在我国高等教育体系中占有不可替代的特殊地位和作用。良好的学风是一所高校宝贵的无形资产。加强学风建设是培养和造就高素质人才的关键性要素,是提高教育教学质量和人才培养质量的重要保证。本文就应用型本科院校学风建设长效机制的必要性、所存在的问题以及构建策略进行阐述。     

抗逆力视角下高校学习咨询服务体系的构建

随着高等院校学习咨询服务意识的增强,关于如何高效科学地解决大学生学习困扰方面的研究也日益增多,视角也越加多样化。本文在高校实际工作总结的基础上,以抗逆力理论视角探讨当前高校学习咨询服务体系构建的路径与工作模式,以此为高校学风建设工作实践提供理论借鉴和实践指导。