对烟台市中老年人(45～69岁)身体形态和健康状况的调查与分析

为了解烟台中老年的身体形状及健康状况,我们于2000年6～8月组织了专业监测小组,对烟台市芝罘区、福山区、牟平区采取随机整群抽样的原则,抽取了城乡988人(男499人,女489人)进行了8项形态指标及2项机能指标的测试,调查测试对象的年龄为45～69岁,对调查结果进行了城乡比较及身体形态与健康关系的研究.为建立我国国民体质监测系统和数据库提供了可靠的局部数据,为提供合理营养防治和减少疾病提供了可靠的依据.     

急性耐力游泳与静电场对大鼠自由基水平的影响

分析了0．3、0．6、0．8、1．0、1．2kV／cm静电场作用对应激耐力游泳大鼠血液自由基水平的影响。结果：一次急性耐力性游泳训练，并经适宜的静电场处理，可加速大鼠体内自由基的消除，提高体内抗自由基酶类活性，对加速疲劳机体的恢复具有积极的作用。     

木兰拳练习对女性高血压病患者红细胞变形性的影响——与红细胞膜脂质成分关系的初步研究

采用实验测试的方法，研究长期规律木兰拳练习对绝经期女性高血压病患者红细胞变形性的影响，以及红细胞变形性与红细胞膜脂质成分的可能关系。结果发现，在绝经期进行长期规律木兰拳练习，可以显著改善女性高血压病患者红细胞膜脂质成分，这种红细胞膜脂质成分的改善，包括膜胆固醇(CHO)与膜C／PL比值．与红细胞变形能力的改善有密切关系。     

跑台运动与负重游泳致大鼠力竭性疲劳时心肌骨骼肌组织学变化特征观察

】通过对大鼠跑台运动和负重游泳致力竭性疲劳时血乳酸的测定及对心肌、骨骼肌组织学损伤程度的观察，研究糖酵解供能条件下不同运动致力竭性疲劳时，心肌、骨骼肌组织学变化特征及致疲劳原因。结果表明，力竭性疲劳时，与游泳组相比，跑台组大鼠心肌和骨骼肌的组织学损伤相对较少，且血乳酸浓度也低于游泳组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这提示，不同的运动方式对疲劳进程有不同的影响，并且在此运动模型中，血乳酸可能是引起疲劳性损伤的重要因素     

古典式青年摔跤运动员大强度训练期部分生化指标的监测研究

采用测试法,跟踪监测古典式青年摔跤运动员大强度训练期间部分生化指标。结果显示：血红蛋白在训练初期明显降低,是反映摔跤训练强度和运动员产生适应的敏感指标;训练期间的血尿素、血清肌酸激酶的“恢复值”可作为医务监督的重要参考指标;血清睾酮、血清皮质醇及其比值用作评价运动员机能状况。     

心房肌细胞的特殊颗粒形态和机能的研究

简要综述了心房肌细胞的特殊颗粒形态学特征、分布与其它细胞器的关系，特殊颗粒的组织化学、心房肽类物质的提纯和作用以及运动对心钠素影响等问题，从而对心脏在循环系统中的作用带来某些新的认识，对于心脏功能传统概念将会带来某些修正和补充。     

Stability studies of common biochemical analytes in serum separator tubes with or without gel barrier subjected to various storage conditions

Introduction

The collected and shipped blood samples are exposed to a various extra-analytical factors prior to analysis. The aim of the study was to determine the stability of analytes in serum gel tubes and plain tubes exposed to a range of storage temperatures and times after centrifugation.

Materials and methods:

Fifteen healthy volunteers were recruited and venous blood was collected into four tubes, two with and two without gel separator. Analyzing the baseline samples in 30 min, all were stored at 4ºC or 24ºC for 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72 hours and 1 week. Sixteen biochemical anaytes were measured on each sample. Variations remained under the desirable bias considered as clinically insignificant.

Results:

On day three, most analytes remained stable including albumin, protein, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) regardless of tube types. Glucose concentration decreased markedly (P = 0.001) beginning from the first hours of storage in plain serum. The stability maximized for the analytes including glucose, total bilirubin, urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid stored at 4 ºC in gel tubes. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity increased significantly (P = 0.002) up to 48-h, however bias was not significant clinically. High density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration was stable in gel tubes at 24 ºC, in plain tubes at 4 ºC stored up to 36-h.

Conclusion:

Serum gel or non-gel tubes might be used interchangeably for 11 analytes chilled or at 24 ºC, whereas some restrictions must be applied for glucose, AST, BUN, HDL, and uric acid.     

Preanalytical phase--a continuous challenge for laboratory professionals

Preanalytical phase is the most vulnerable part of the total testing process and is considered to be among the greatest challenges to the laboratory professionals. However, preanalytical activities, management of unsuitable specimens and reporting policies are not fully standardized, nor harmonized worldwide. Several standards related to blood sampling and sample transportation and handling are available, but compliance to those guidelines is low, especially outside the laboratory and if blood sampling is done without the direct supervision of the laboratory staff. Furthermore, for some most critical procedures within the preanalytical phase, internationally accepted guidelines and recommendations as well as related quality measures are unfortunately unavailable. There is large heterogeneity in the criteria for sample rejection, the different strategies by which unacceptable samples are managed, processed and test results reported worldwide. Management of unacceptable specimens warrants therefore immediate harmonization. Alongside the challenging and long road of patient safety, preanalytical phase offers room for improvement, and Editors at Biochemia Medica Journal definitely hope to continue providing a respective mean for reporting studies on different preanalytical phase topics. With pleasure and delight we invite potential future authors to submit their articles examining the quality of various preanalytical activities to Biochemia Medica. We will keep nurturing this topic as our prominent feature and by this we hope to be able to deliver valid evidence for some future guidelines and recommendations.     

如何妥善处理翻译中的文化差异——以《红楼梦》英译为例

本文以《红楼梦》的两个不同译本为例,简要分析了翻译过程中中西文化差异的妥善处理。     

浅析影片《大红灯笼高高挂》女性悲剧命运

在张艺谋执导的电影《大红灯笼高高挂》中,以颂莲为代表的女人们。无一例外地默认了那一盏盏高挂的红灯笼在陈家宅院里的意义。她们相互钩心斗角。争风吃醋,连颂莲这样一个具有反叛意识的妇女也逐渐转变为封建制度的囚徒,深刻说明了一个封建大家庭中女性的悲剧命运。